Characterization of spectral responses of humic substances upon UV irradiation using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

The spectral responses of a leaf litter derived humic substance (LLHS) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) upon ultraviolet (UV) A irradiation were characterized using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) based on the absorption and the synchronous fluorescence spectra at different irradiation times. A 12 day irradiation on the humic substances (HS) resulted in higher reduction of the absorbance relative to the dissolved organic carbon concentration, suggesting that aromatic chromophores were preferentially oxidized and/or non UV-absorbing compounds were generated by the photobleaching. Synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed the preferential removal of fulvic-like and humic-like fluorophores and delayed response of protein-like fluorescence upon the irradiation. The spectral features at long wavelengths (>430 nm) appear to be affected by intra-molecular interactions of the individual chromophores associated with shorter wavelengths. Absorption-based 2D-COS demonstrated that there are three types of absorption bands for the two HS, which changed sequentially in the order of 290-400 nm → 200-250 nm → 250-290 nm. In addition, two or three distinctive fluorescence bands in response to the irradiation were identified from 2D-COS. The sequential orders and the associated wavelength bands were possibly explained by the irradiation wavelengths and the differences between direct and indirect photochemical reactions. The interpretation of the 2D-COS results was very consistent with the kinetic rate constants individually calculated at several discrete wavelengths. Our study demonstrated that 2D-COS could be used as a powerful tool in identifying distinctive bands of HS that have dissimilar behavior and the associated sequential orders by visualizing the spectral changes at continuous wavelengths.     

多路太阳能电池板温度监测系统设计

太阳能电池板分布密集,针对传统方式监测太阳能电池板温度布线困难。为了更加高效便捷获取太阳能电池板的表面温度,设计一种无线测温装置可以同时监测10块太阳能电池板的实时温度。利用数字温度传感器DS18B20进行测温,超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149进行数据处理并且利用无线模块CC1101进行数据的传输,最终将太阳能电池板的温度数据显示到液晶屏上。经实际测试,无线传输距离可达50 m,精度可达0.1℃,可以同时监测10块太阳能电池板温度数据,且系统具有传输稳定、功耗低、成本低等优点。     

Analysis of volatile compounds in L. edodes blanched by hot water and microwave

The comprehensive flavour characterisation and volatile compounds of raw L. edodes, hot water blanching (HB) sample and microwave blanching (MB) sample were comparatively analysed by electronic nose technology and headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS). Results indicated that volatile components in L. edodes markedly changed after HB and MB. Volatile compounds of raw L. edodes consisted mainly ketones, sulphide and alcohols, and 3‐octanone, as well as 1‐octen‐3‐one, were the major compounds. The content of ketones and sulphides in blanched samples markedly decreased, while the relative content of aldehydes, hydrocarbons and esters increased, which became the major volatile compounds of treatment samples. In addition, the percentage contents of esters, alcohols and sulphides in MB samples were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in HB samples, especially 1‐octen‐3‐ol, which contributes more to mushroom flavour. Therefore, MB is a better pretreatment method of L. edodes processing and cooking according to the results of experiment.     

基于图像处理技术的光斑质心高精度测量

针对传统的光斑质心测量方法子孔径窗口内远离光斑的噪声对一阶矩质心算法的影响,本文提出一种利用图像处理技术提高光斑质心探测精度的新方法。在哈特曼-夏克（H-S）波前传感器测得的光斑阵列图像中,采用自适应阈值方法优化每个子孔径的探测窗口,使探测窗口和光斑分布区域最佳匹配;然后在探测窗口内,采用线性插值方法提高图像的分辨率。...     

基于MSP430的ARINC429航空总线测试接口设计

本文在详细阐述了ARINC429总线传输规范的基础上,主要介绍了以MSP430为控制器的航空ARINC429总线测试接口电路的软硬件设计方案。该接口电路以MSP430为控制核心,采用专门的429总线接口芯片HS3282和HS3182,可以实现对429信号的两路接收和一路发送,满足了测试设备的数据采集要求。采用16位的M...     

深基坑开挖与周边既有建筑物改造相互影响研究

基于上海体育馆、上海游泳馆改造及新建体育综合体项目,研究了紧邻深基坑既有建筑物改造与深基坑开挖之间的相互影响,通过大型有限元软件对深基坑开挖和周边既有建筑物“卸载-加载”改造进行模拟,分析了同时进行新建体育综合体深基坑开挖和上海体育馆“卸载-加载”改造两者叠加工况下的相互影响,进一步探讨了深基坑开挖与周边既有建筑物改造同时进行的最优工况。此外,在最优工况的基础上结合基坑被动区加固、围护结构刚度以及两者相互叠加对深基坑和周边建筑物的影响进行深入讨论。结果表明:最不利工况为基坑开挖至第2道支撑时对周边建筑物进行加载改造,在实际施工中应避免出现该工况; 最优工况为基坑完成第1道支撑后对周边建筑物进行卸载改造,并在基坑完成第2道支撑后对周边建筑物加载改造; 在最优工况及其他同等条件下基坑被动区加固对基坑和周边建筑物产生的影响要大于基坑围护结构强度对其产生的影响,研究结果可以为今后类似工程施工提供依据与参考。     

Volatile constituents of roasted tigernut oil (Cyperus esculentus L.)

BACKGROUND: Volatile compounds play a key role in determining the sensory appreciation of vegetable oils. In this study a systematic evaluation of odorants responsible for the characteristic flavour of roasted tigernut oil was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 75 odour‐active volatiles were identified. From these, 13 aroma compounds showing high flavour dilution factors in the range of 16 to 128 were quantified by their odour activity values (OAVs). On the basis of high OAVs in oil, the following aroma compounds [vanillin (chocolate, sweet vanilla), 5‐ethylfurfural (caramel, spicy), 2,3‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (caramel), phenyl acetaldehyde (honey‐like), ethanone, 1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) (faint vanilla)] were elucidated as important contributors to the overall chocolate, sweet vanilla, butterscotch aroma of the oil. CONCLUSION: Odorants with high concentrations in the roasted tigernut oil such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, ethyl hexadecanoate, n‐propyl‐9,12‐octadecadienoate gave relatively low OAVs, so their contributions to the overall orthonasal aroma impression of roasted tigernut oil can be assumed to be low. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Determination of Ethyl Carbamate in Sake Using Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction

An analytical method for the determination of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages has been developed and optimized. A combination of headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME), as the extraction technique, and GC/MS, as the determination technique, was utilized. Analytical grade ethyl carbamate dissolved in ethanol solution was analyzed to determine the optimum analytical conditions. Ethyl carbamate‐d₅ was added as an internal standard. The following HS‐SPME conditions were investigated: type of stationary phase of the fibre, ethanol content, sample volume and extraction time. The optimized procedure showed that the detection limit, relative standard deviation, and recovery were 6.7 μg/L, 0.4–2.0%, and 103.6–107.6%, respectively. The precision of this new method was equivalent to previous analyses. Finally, the developed method was applied to the analysis of ethyl carbamate in sake.     

Evaluation of volatile compounds and antioxidant capacity of some commercial rums from Dominican republic

Some Dominican ‘heavy’ rums, of a single brand, available commercially and labelled as 8, 15, 18, 21 and 25 year‐old have been evaluated and compared. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyse volatile compounds and crocin kinetic competition test to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. The alcohols and esters profiles of rums labelled as 21‐ and 25 year‐old were similar. The alcohols and fatty acids profiles of rums labelled as 15 and 18 year‐old were similar. The esters profile of rums labelled as 8 and 15 year‐old was similar. Significant differences were found for aldehydes and volatile phenols between all the rum samples. The antioxidant capacity resulted significantly higher in the older rums (21 and 25 year‐old) than in the younger ones (8, 15 and 18 year‐old).