准东煤灰提取氧化铝和白炭黑技术研究

为实现准东煤灰的绿色化综合利用,笔者研究设计了从准东煤灰中制取氧化铝和白炭黑的工艺流程,确定了最佳工艺条件,并通过SPSS双变量分析比较不同影响因素对提取率影响程度。试验采用准东煤--将军庙原煤,破碎并用马弗炉模拟煤粉炉静态燃烧方式制取灰样。准东煤灰的成分分析和元素分析表明:SiO2占48.84%,Al2O3占31.26%。参照标准制备灰样,对灰样进行SEM分析,发现粘黏性严重,因此试验前先进行机械研磨。采用煤灰与硫酸铵焙烧法制备氧化铝,工艺分为焙烧过程和酸浸过程。因滤液中含有大量杂质铁、钙等元素,采用pH调节法除杂并对除杂效果进行检验,检验结果为除杂率接近100%。从提铝渣中制备白炭黑分为碱浸过程和多次碳分过程。在提铝工艺焙烧过程中,通过提铝率变化曲线及节能角度确定了各因素的最佳试验条件为:焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间60 min,焙烧配料比1∶6;在提铝工艺酸浸过程中,得到最佳试验条件为:酸浸温度60℃、酸浸时间20 min、H2SO4浓度0.2 mol/L、酸浸液固比50。从提铝渣制备白炭黑研究中,通过SEM观察到提铝渣疏松多孔,有利于进一步的提硅试验。通过XRD对提铝渣分析,得出提铝渣中含有大量硅、钙元素;用K值法(RIR法)求得提铝渣中Si含量及经提铝后的Si损失率为7.64%。得出碱浸过程最佳试验条件为:碱浸温度60℃、碱浸时间30 min、碱浸NaOH浓度3 mol/L、碱浸液固比70,此时Si提取率为99%。采用多次碳分法进行提硅能够满足不同硅含量纯度要求,得到最佳碱浸工艺条件为碳分pH=9.5、CO2通气速率24 m L/min、碳分NaOH浓度0.2 mol/L、碳分液固比80。通过双变量相关性分析,得到各因素对提铝率、SiO2提取率及H2SiO3沉淀率影响程度大小分别为:焙烧温度>焙烧时间>焙烧配料比,酸浸时间>酸浸温度>H2SO4浓度>酸浸液固比,碱浸液固比>碱浸温度>NaOH浓度>碱浸时间,碳分pH>碳分液固比>碳分NaOH浓度>CO2通气速率。通过经济性及可行性分析,说明提出的工艺能有效实现准东煤灰的绿色化综合利用。从提铝后的滤液中重新提取(NH4)2SO4,实现生产原料的再利用;碳分过程后的Na2CO3溶液可通过加入石灰苛化的方式实现NaOH可循环利用于提取工艺生产;本工艺除生产氧化铝和白炭黑外,还能获得Na2SO4等附加产品。     

Attribute Charts for Monitoring the Mean Vector of Bivariate Processes

This article proposes two Shewhart charts, denoted np_xy and np_w charts, which use attribute inspection to control the mean vector (μ_x; μ_y)′ of bivariate processes. The units of the sample are classified as first‐class, second‐class, or third‐class units, according to discriminate limits and the values of their two quality characteristics, X and Y. When the np_xy chart is in use, the monitoring statistic is M = N₁ + N₂, where N₁ and N₂ are the number of sample units with a second‐class and third‐class classification, respectively. When the np_w chart is in use, the monitoring statistic is W = N₁ + 2N₂. We assume that the quality characteristics X and Y follow a bivariate normal distribution and that the assignable cause shifts the mean vector without changing the covariance matrix. In general, the synthetic np_xy and np_w charts require twice larger samples to outperform the T² chart. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New sampling strategies to reduce the effect of autocorrelation on the synthetic T2 chart to monitor bivariate process

In this paper, synthetic T² chart is developed to monitor bivariate process with correlated variables and autocorrelated observations. The proposed chart is a combination of the Hotelling's T² chart and the conforming run length chart. The operation and design of the chart are described when observations are autocorrelated and cross correlated. The first‐order vector autoregressive process VAR (1) is used to model the bivariate data from an autocorrelated process of interest. Using an average run length as performance measure criterion in the VAR (1) model, it is observed that autocorrelation seriously impact the performance of the synthetic T² chart. To reduce the effect of autocorrelation on the performance of the synthetic T² chart, the skip and mixed sampling strategies are implemented to form rational subgroups in the construction of synthetic T² chart. The average run length performance of the synthetic T² chart implementing these strategies is compared with that of the standard strategy of formation of rational subgroups. It is observed that implementing skip and mixed sampling strategies within rational subgroup improves the performance of the synthetic T² chart.     

On the Path to Homeownership: Money,Family Composition and Low-income Households

In Norway, as in many other countries, homeownership is encouraged politically, and a majority of the households become homeowners at some stage in their life cycle. Many households move house when circumstances change, and it is often at this point that they also make their tenure choice. This paper employs a bivariate probit framework to model the transition rate from renting into homeownership. Using a sample of initial renters, subsequent tenure choice is analysed jointly with the stay-move decision. A particularly important question in this context is whether low-income households face differential constraints on entering owner occupation that could be addressed by policy change. The empirical model includes financial characteristics, household characteristics and changes in household characteristics as explanatory variables. Changes in household composition are particularly important in explaining variations in both tenure choice and mobility. Hence, the common practice of estimating housing market behaviour using a panel of intact households potentially obfuscates important determinants of that behaviour. The paper proceeds by using the equivalent of a Chow test to show that a hypothesis of equal coefficients in samples of low- and high-income households is firmly rejected. Thus low-income households do behave differently. Short-term variations in income appear to have little effect on people's capacity to enter owner occupation. However, low-income households are more dependent on past savings for successful entry. This suggests a rather different policy approach if owner occupation is to be expanded.     

Dynamic infant–parent affect coupling during the face-to-face/still-face.

We examined dynamic infant–parent affect coupling using the Face-to-Face/Still-Face (FFSF). The sample included 20 infants whose older siblings had been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD-sibs) and 18 infants with comparison siblings (COMP-sibs). A series of mixed effects bivariate autoregressive models was used to represent the self-regulation and interactive dynamics of infants and parents during the FFSF. Significant bidirectional affective coupling was found between infants and parents, with infant-to-parent coupling being more prominent than parent-to-infant coupling. Further analysis of within-dyad dynamics revealed ongoing changes in concurrent infant–parent linkages both within and between different FFSF episodes. The importance of considering both inter- and intradyad differences is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Minimum variance hedging with bivariate regime-switching model for WTI crude oil

This paper proposes a four-regime bivariate Markov regime-switching model to estimate the daily time-varying minimum variance hedge ratios for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil, and evaluates its in- and out-of-sample hedging performances with two-regime model, CC-GARCH, TVC-GARCH, and OLS models. Empirical results reveal that the four-regime Markov switching model outperforms the other models for both in- and out-of-sample hedging performance. Based on Hansen’s SPA test (2005), the four-regime model significantly outperforms the other models for only in-sample hedging.     

基于二元极限理论的流域洪水资源利用现状与潜力分析

为协调流域洪水资源利用与洪水资源调控利用能力和下游生态需水量两个约束之间的关系,在现有研究的基础上,进一步提出基于二元极限理论的流域洪水资源利用现状与潜力分析方法：认为洪水资源可利用量是洪水资源调控利用能力和下游生态需水量的函数;认为洪水资源利用潜力也是洪水资源调控利用能力和下游生态需水量的函数。对其概念和方法进行阐述,并通过二元极限理论分析两个因变量和两个自变量之间的关系。以淮河流域吴家渡水文站以上区域为例,根据所提出方法,计算区域相关指标： 1956-2016年区域平均洪水资源利用率为24.7%,利用率波动幅度较大,但是随着时间的发展,整体趋势在不断提高。多年平均现状可利用量为72.4亿m3,平均理论可利用量为183.53亿m3,平均现状利用潜力为34.76亿m3,平均理论利用潜力为145.89亿m3。洪水资源利用主要集中在偏丰水年和平水年。洪水资源调控利用能力每增加20亿m3,洪水资源可利用量平均增加15亿m3,利用潜力平均增加16亿m3;下游生态需水量每增加20亿m3,洪水资源可利用量平均减少5亿m3,利用潜力平均减少3亿m3。说明洪水资源可利用量和利用潜力主要受洪水资源调控利用能力限制,提高调控利用能力是提高该区域洪水资源利用水平的关键。     

文胸肩带的选择依据分析

针对内衣企业在文胸肩带配伍时缺乏有效的选择依据,没有形成规范的、切实可行的文胸肩带选取方法的问题,以文胸肩带舒适性理论研究为基础,提取了影响文胸压力舒适性的因素,并实施了文胸肩带拉伸强力实验,采用YG（B）026H型电子织物强力机测试了6款规格的18个肩带样本,并对实验数据进行了SPSS分析.研究表明,在相同开度的条件下,肩带模量和宽度的比值（M/W）、模量拉伸率曲线曲率是选用文胸肩带的重要指标,其中M/W的数值范围应在0.04~0.05较为合适.     

Comparing meta-analytic moderator estimation techniques under realistic conditions.

One of the most problematic issues in contemporary meta-analysis is the estimation and interpretation of moderating effects. Monte Carlo analyses are developed in this article that compare bivariate correlations, ordinary least squares and weighted least squares (WLS) multiple regression, and hierarchical subgroup (HS) analysis for assessing the influence of continuous moderators under conditions of multicollinearity and skewed distribution of study sample sizes (heteroscedasticity). The results show that only WLS is largely unaffected by multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity, whereas the other techniques are substantially weakened. Of note, HS, one of the most popular methods, typically provides the most inaccurate results, whereas WLS, one of the least popular methods, typically provides the most accurate results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

线结构光多分辨率测量系统数据拼接方法

针对航空发动机叶片等复杂型面物体轮廓检测问题,应用多线结构光及多图像传感器,设计了可以实现被测对象整体轮廓及局部细节同时测量的多分辨率测量系统。提出一种基于二元经验模式分解的不同精度测量数据的拼接方法,利用二元经验模式分解方法将空间点集数据分解成一系列旋转信号分量,然后借助复小波变换对各旋转信号分量进行平滑处理,最后利用平滑后的旋转信号分量重构形成数据拼接曲线。实验结果表明,所提出的数据拼接方法可以从不同精度的复合信号中提取表征空间数据点集均值或趋势的光滑曲线,实现线结构光多分辨测量系统数据的高精度拼接,使测量系统在100 mm×100 mm测量范围内精度达到0.02 mm,达到了叶片工业现场的测量要求。