电磁搅拌对大圆坯结晶器冶金行为影响的探讨

 为了探究结晶器电磁搅拌(M EMS)对大圆坯结晶器内综合冶金行为的影响。以大断面圆坯连铸结晶器冶金行为为研究对象，基于电磁热流体与凝固传输理论建立三维耦合数值模型。揭示大圆坯连铸常用五孔水口浇注条件下结晶器内电磁场、流场、传热与凝固等综合冶金行为，提出电磁搅拌对结晶器冶金性能影响的多参量评价方法。以中碳铬钼齿轮钢650 mm大圆坯连铸为例，指出结晶器电磁搅拌存在最佳搅拌电流，可获得相对较好的综合冶金效果。具体表现为弯月面保持一定的切向速度和过热度，有利于保护渣的熔化和夹杂物的上浮去除；液面波动幅度在控制范围内，可避免卷渣、改善表面质量；结晶器内钢液过热得到有效耗散，有利于等轴晶形核改善铸坯内部质量；侧孔出流钢液速度得到有效控制，可抑制注流对初凝坯壳的冲刷，提高了初生坯壳生长的均匀性。此外，电磁搅拌产生的水平旋流强度也可得到有效控制，有利于避免常见的皮下白亮带现象。     

改性防护蜡对轮胎胎侧胶性能的影响

研究改性防护蜡对轮胎胎侧胶性能的影响。结果表明,与传统防护蜡相比,改性防护蜡异构烷烃质量分数较小,结晶尺寸小且致密程度高。改性防护蜡可在不影响胎侧胶硫化特性和物理性能的前提下,大幅提高胎侧胶抗喷霜性能,保证轮胎表面不受臭氧侵蚀,在防止裂纹产生的同时明显改善成品轮胎外观。     

Phytoplankton development and ecological status during a cyanobacterial bloom in a tributary bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Reservoirs can provide suitable conditions for cyanobacterial bloom development, which may impact on water quality and biological communities. Weekly surveys in a cyanobacterial bloom process were carried out in the mainstream and Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir (China), from June 6 to July 18 in 2008. By application of the phytoplankton functional group approach, the spatiotemporal pattern, impact factors, and the ecological status based on Q index (assemblage index) were analyzed. The depth of euphotic layer was apparently the key factor driving the phytoplankton functional group variations. Longitudinal patterns of phytoplankton distribution were detected during this bloom: in the beginning phase, groups D (mainly Stephanodiscus hantzschii) and B (Cyclotella stelligera) dominated in the mainstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the mouth area of Xiangxi Bay, group Y (Cryptomonas species) dominated in the upper area, while groups J (mainly Pediastrum duplex), F (mainly Sphaerocystis schroeteri) and G (Pandorina morum and Eudorina elegans) were important in other areas; in the mid phase, group M became absolutely dominant in the whole region; and in the ending phase, besides groups M and Y, groups X2 (Chroomonas acuta, Pyramimonas nanella, etc.) and Lo (Ceratium hirundinella) became more important in the lower and upper area respectively. Generally the ecological status was bad, temporally varied with the bloom process. No spatial difference of ecological status was found in the mainstream, while longitudinal patterns in Xiangxi Bay were detected for different phases: firstly a few sites had relatively better status than the others, then nearly all the sites were in the bad condition, and at last the status in the downstream was better than that in the upstream. The longitudinal patterns of ecological status were related to phytoplankton distribution, disturbed by jacking from the downstream and flood from the upstream of Xiangxi Bay.     

上海市区原水中藻细胞控制及水华处理对策研究

以藻细胞浓度表征原水中的藻毒素含量,考察了上海市黄浦江和长江原水中的藻细胞浓度及其在静止环境下的增殖情况,同时研究了水库水暴发水华后的处理对策。研究表明,一般情况下上海市区原水中藻细胞浓度为1×104~1×107个/L,未超过9.1×106个/L的藻细胞浓度限值;在静止环境下,原水中的藻细胞会迅速增殖,当其停留时间过长时有藻细胞浓度超限及微囊藻毒素超标的危险;如在黄浦江上游建立水库蓄水,则原水停留时间应控制在2~3 d,从而起到净化水体和抑制藻细胞过度增殖的效果;当水库水暴发水华后,可采用大比例更换水体的方法增加其浊度和流动性,以有效控制藻类的水华现象。     

大方坯皮下负偏析带形成过程的数值模拟

针对某钢厂大方坯连铸过程中铸坯内部质量问题,通过耦合电磁-流动-热-溶质传输,建立多尺度、多物理场的三维数学模型,研究了高碳钢大方坯皮下负偏析带的形成过程。结果表明,铸坯皮下负偏析带是铸坯凝固前沿钢液流速和凝固速率共同作用的结果。对于四孔水口大方坯,铸坯皮下会经历两次负偏析,第一次负偏析是由水口射流造成的,第二次负偏析是由结晶器电磁搅拌造成的。磁搅参数的改变只会影响电磁搅拌影响区的负偏析程度,而不会影响负偏析带在铸坯中的位置及宽度,也不能改善铸坯中心的正偏析度。     

Electromagnetic torque detecting for optimization of in-mould electromagnetic stirring in the billet and bloom continuous casting

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an electromagnetic torque device based on the theoretical model was established to determine the optimum frequency accurately and conveniently in billet and bloom continuous casting with in-mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). Magnetic characteristics with M-EMS was investigated by numerical simulation and physical experiment with the application of electromagnetic torque device and gauss meter. In addition, the effects of stirring frequency with M-EMS on macro segregation and equiaxed crystal ratio were compared and analysed for 55SiCr with 150?mm?×?150?mm billet caster and BU with 310?×?360?mm bloom caster by a series of plant trials, respectively. The results showed that maximum magnetic flux density and maximum electromagnetic torque occurred with different frequency and same current in M-EMS, and central equiaxed crystal ratio and macro segregation has been significantly improved by optimum frequency with M-EMS.     

大方坯连铸轻压下工艺技术开发与应用

连铸轻压下技术为改善铸坯内部质量,减少中心疏松、中心缩孔和中心偏析的重要手段。简述了连铸轻压下冶金技术的基本原理与主要控制参数。介绍了韶关钢铁(SGIS)大方坯连铸轻压下工艺技术开发方法,以及在研究过程中存在的问题和应用的效果。通过大方坯轻压技术的开发, 掌握了轻压下工艺控制方法与要点,以及轻压下工艺参数与铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析的关系。结果表明,大方坯连铸采用轻压下工艺,轴承钢内部质量得到明显的改善,其中轴承钢总压下量达到了12 mm。采用轻压下工艺后,低于1.5级的中心疏松比例提升了18.8%,中心偏析指数由0.877~1.247优化为0.944~1.038。研究结果为韶关钢铁开发高质量、高性能、高附加值的特钢产品提供了重要的技术支撑。     

A wavelet-based autoregressive fuzzy model for forecasting algal blooms

This paper proposes fuzzy models for forecasting the complex behavior of algal blooms. The models are developed through the integration of autoregressive models, the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, and discrete wavelet transform algorithms. The premise parts of the proposed models are determined using the subtractive clustering technique and the consequent parts are optimized using weighted least squares. To train and validate the proposed fuzzy models, a large number of data sets were collected from Daecheong reservoir in Geum River in the Republic of Korea. The data include both water quality and hydrological variables. Total nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, air temperature, water temperature and outflow water were evaluated as input signals while chlorophyll-a was used as an output. It is demonstrated from the simulation that the proposed fuzzy models are effective in forecasting algal blooms.