节距法测量直线度时权的确定及标准差的估计

针对直线度测量中测量数据重复性不够好、规律难以把握等问题,提出采用双节距组合测量方法.介绍在不等精度测量中权的3种确定方法:几何分析法、实验分析法、理论分析法.应用平差理论对单位权标准差、平差值权逆阵、平差值函数的权逆阵等进行计算,进行区间估计求出待测参数的估计值,由平差评定参数作为不确定度的评价指标.采用数学手段进行运算,有效地改善信息源,减少测量结果中随机误差的影响.

The Determination of the Weight and Estimation of the Standard Deviation in the Straightness Measurement by means of the Pitch

Aiming at a bad repeatbility of data, the discipline being difficult to grasp in the traightness measurement, the multiple measurement principle is proposed. Three definite analytical methods of the weight in unequally accurate measurement were introduced; Integral geometry; Experimental Research; Theoretical. With the adjustment, the unit weighted STD; inverse of weight matrix of adjusted value; and inverse of weight matrix of adjusted value function were calculated, the estimated value of the unknown parameters was obtained through the interval estimation, the parameter adjustment was taken as the uncertainty evaluation index. Through mathematics operations, thus effectively improve information and reduce the influence of the random error in the measurement result.