功率超声富集植物性食品次生代谢产物的研究进展

植物次生代谢产物(plant food secondary metabolites,PSMs)具有抗氧化、抗癌症和心血管等疾病的功能。超声(ultrasound,US)作为非热处理技术在食品工业中得到了广泛的应用。最近的报道表明,超声可以作为非生物诱导子,用于植物生物活性分子的生物合成和积累。使用US对水果蔬菜进行清洗或净化,会对果蔬产生生理压力,从而刺激活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的产生,而ROS会引起PSMs关键代谢酶的表达和活性的改变,从而富集PSMs。本文综合国内外相关文献,对利用超声技术富集植物次级代谢产物的研究进行综述,主要介绍了超声诱导多酚化合物、萜类生物合成的规律及其机制,并对其存在的问题进行了讨论,同时展望了超声技术在植物次生代谢产物富集上的应用,以期为超声生物学效应的研究提供参考。

Advances in enrichment of plant food secondary metabolites by power ultrasound

Plant food secondary metabolites (PSMS) have anti-oxidation, anti-cancer and anti-cardiovascular functions. Ultrasound (US) as a nonthermal processing technology, has been widely used in food industry. Recent reports indicated that ultrasound (US) could act as abiotic elicitors for the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant bioactive molecules. Use of US to clean or decontaminate fruits and vegetables leads to physical stress, and US stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), then changes the expression and activity of key metabolic enzymes of PSMs, and finally results in the enrichment of PSMs. Combined with the related literature domestic and foreign, this paper summarized the research progress of using US technology for the enrichment of plant secondary metabolites and mainly introduced the rules and mechanism of US inducing biosynthesis of polyphenols and erpenoids, discussed the existing problems and prospected the application of ultrasonic technology for the enrichment of plant secondary metabolites, in order to provide references for the study of biological effects of ultrasound.