吉林省种植基地蔬菜中农药污染特征及风险评价

目的 了解吉林省种植基地蔬菜中农药残留情况,并探明其污染风险状况。方法 在吉林省7个市县蔬菜主产区采集211份蔬菜样品,采用液相色谱串联质谱法和气相色谱串联质谱法测定其中80种农药残留水平,并分别用危害物风险系数法和食品安全指数法评价其风险状况。结果 结果表明,蔬菜样品中检出农药25种,以杀虫剂、低毒农药为主,检出率最高的为啶虫脒(5.21%),超标率最高的是氧乐果,农药残留超标的蔬菜为韭菜、芹菜、马铃薯和菜豆；从检出农药的风险系数看,氧乐果为高风险农药,毒死蜱和腐霉利为中风险农药,风险系数(R)分别为2.91、1.96和1.96；从食品安全指数评价结果看,吉林省蔬菜质量安全整体状况是可接受的,但克百威、氧乐果在蔬菜中残留的风险超过了可接受的限度,应该进入风险管理程序。结论 吉林省地产蔬菜中存在农药残留及超标情况,且存在农药多残留累积风险,建议相关部门加强对蔬菜生产者进行合理用药的培训,抓好产中的技术指导和产后的监管,保证蔬菜整体质量安全。

Features and risk assessment of pesticide pollution in planting bases vegetables of Jilin Province

Objective To understand the pesticide residues in vegetables in the planting bases of Jilin Province, and to explore the pollution risk status. Methods 211 vegetable samples were collected from the main vegetables producing areas in 7 cities and counties of Jilin Province, 80 pesticide residues were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and their risk was assessed by hazard risk coefficient method and food safety index method respectively. Results The results showed that 25 pesticides were detected in vegetable samples, mainly pesticides and low toxicity pesticides. Acetamiprid (5.21%) had the highest detection rate, omethoate had the highest exceeding standard rate, and Vegetables with excessive pesticide residues are leeks, celery, potatoes and common beans; According to the risk coefficients of pesticides detected, omethoate was a high-risk pesticide, chlorpyrifos and procymidone were medium-risk pesticides, and the risk coefficients ( R ) were 2.91, 1.96 and 1.96, respectively; According to the assessment results of food safety index, the overall situation of vegetable quality and safety in Jilin Province is acceptable, but the risk of carbofuran and omethoate residues in vegetables exceeds the acceptable limit, and should enter the risk management process. Conclusion There are pesticide residues and excessive levels of pesticide residues in local vegetables in Jilin Province, and there is a cumulative risk of multiple pesticide residues. It is suggested that the relevant technical and management departments should strengthen the training of rational drug use for vegetable producers, pay attention to technical guidance in production and supervision after prodution to ensure the overall quality and safety of vegetables.