长期不同施肥处理对贵州植烟土壤酶活及微生物群落的影响

  目的  探究土壤微生物群落在长期不同施肥处理下的变化。  方法  采用长期定位施肥（无机肥、化肥配施有机肥和有机肥处理）、16S V4区高通量测序等方法对贵州省不同施肥处理的植烟土壤进行分析研究。  结果  ① 化肥配施有机肥明显提高脲酶、酸性磷酸酶以及蔗糖酶活性，其中脲酶活性提高23.46%；②根际土壤微生物的OTUs数量差异明显，有机肥处理明显高于无机肥处理，有机肥施肥处理土壤微生物特有OTUs比化肥配施有机肥处理增加43.55%；③土壤微生物属水平的聚类分析发现有机肥处理与化肥配施有机肥处理关系最近，无机肥处理与其他两种处理关系比较远；④无机肥处理的硝化螺旋菌门（nitrospirae）相对丰度高于其他施肥处理，有机肥处理的变形杆菌门（proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（acidobacteria）相对丰度高于其他处理。  结论  长期施用有机肥可以提高贵州植烟土壤有机质含量，改善植烟土壤的微生物群落的平衡性和丰富度。 

Effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on soil enzyme activity and microbial community in tobacco-growing soil of Guizhou Province

Different fertilizer treatments have significant different effects on soil enzyme activity and microbial community.In this paper, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the tobacco planting soil with long-term different fertilizer treatments in Guizhou Province.Results showed that application of organic fertilizer can improve activities of urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase enzyme, where the urease enzyme activity was increased by 23.46%.The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the different fertilizer treatments were obviously different.OTU of organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of inorganic fertilizer treatment, with the increasing rate reaching 43.55%.The cluster analysis of soil microorganism in genus level showed that there was a close relationship between organic fertilizer treatment and organic + inorganic fertilizer treatment, while inorganic fertilizer treatment was far away from the other fertilizer treatments.The relative abundance of Nitrospirae treated with inorganic fertilizer was significantly higher than that under other two fertilizer treatments, and the relative abundance of proteobacteria and acidobacteria treated with organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that under other fertilizer treatments.In conclusion, long-term application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of the soil organic matter, and improve the balance and richness of microbial community in tobacco-growing soil.