丛枝菌根(AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量研究

为了考察丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量效果,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)为实验材料在不同丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)含量的基质中进行水稻盆栽试验.对比分析了水稻根部AMF的侵染状况,及其对水稻生长的促进作用,并在此基础上探讨了AMF强化在农业面源污染化肥减量中的作用.结果表明:自然基质中土著G.mosseae普遍存在,并可与水稻根系形成菌根结构,但其对水稻的影响与AMF空白基质相比差异并不显著.AMF强化能显著提高其对水稻根部的侵染率.与自然基质相比,AMF强化使水稻的株高、总生物量、根系总表面积及产量分别提高了20.6%、30%、36.6%、45.3%.经计算,每生产100kg水稻,AMF强化相对于自然条件下氮肥、磷肥、钾肥施用量分别减少3.14kg、1.88kg、2.42kg,削减程度高达47%.AMF强化能够有效促进水稻生长并提高其产量,而且在农业面源污染化肥减量方面具有重要作用.

Application of arbuscular mycorrhiza on promoting the growth of rice and reducing the usage of chemical fertilizer

The effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of rice and the reduction of chemical fertilizer usage were investigated in pot experiments,which included substrates with three different AMF concentrations. The inoculation situations of AMF to the roots of rice were compared,and the promotion to the rice growth and the potential of AMF in reducing the agricultural non-point pollution generated by chemical fertilizer were also investigated. The results showed that G. mosseae was ubiquitous in the natural substrate and could formulate mycorrhizal with the root system of rice. However,the effects of blank controller and natural substrate on the growth of rice did not have significant statistical difference. AMF could obviously enhance the mycorrhizal colonization rate to the root system of rice. Compared with the natural substrate,the stem lengths,total biomass,surface areas of root system and the yield of rice were enhanced by 20. 6% , 30% ,36. 6% and 45. 3% ,respectively. 3. 14 kg nitrogen fertilizer,1. 88 kg phosphate fertilizer and 2. 42 kg potassic fertilizer were reduced for producing per 100 kg rice. AMF enhanced the growth and production of rice and was potential in reducing the pollution caused by the usage of chemical fertilizer.