中华鲟物种保护研究

中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray,1835)是一种大型溯河洄游鱼类,国家一级重点保护野生动物,目前仅在长江繁殖,是长江的旗舰保护物种。参考近年国内外相关的研究成果,对中华鲟在长江的生长繁育状态进行了研究,发现近年来,进入长江繁殖的中华鲟亲鱼仅百尾左右,2013~2015年连续3 a未在葛洲坝下游中华鲟产卵场监测到中华鲟的自然繁殖,中华鲟面临新的生存危机。为了有效地保护中华鲟,近20 a来,国内许多学者在中华鲟自然繁殖的水文需求与栖息地特征研究、自然繁殖监测、全人工繁殖与苗种培育、增殖放流与放流效果评价、分子生态学研究等方面开展了大量工作,基本突破了中华鲟物种保护的瓶颈。通过对目前中华鲟保护的研究成果分析,指出了今后中华鲟物种保护的重点研究方向。

Study on conservation of Chinese sturgeon

Chinese sturgeon, as a species under first grade national protection, is a large-type migratory fish, which only propagates in Yangtze River at present and the first-important protection animal in the river. By referring to the study achievements at home and abroad in recent years, the growth and propagation state of Chinese sturgeon in Yangtze River are studied and it is discovered that the number of Chinese sturgeon broodstocks entering the Yangtze River for propagation is only about one hundred; from 2013 to 2015, natural propagation of Chinese sturgeon were not observed in the downstream propagation field of Gezhouba Hydro-project, so Chinese sturgeon faces survival crisis. In the recent 20 years, to effectively protect Chinese sturgeon, Chinese researchers carried out a great deal of research work in the aspects of hydrological condition of Chinese sturgeon natural propagation and the characteristics of habitat, natural propagation monitoring, artificial propagation and juvenile rearing, propagation and release and release effect assessment, molecular ecology etc. and basically breaks through the bottleneck of Chinese sturgeon protection. Based on the study achievements, this paper indicates the main study direction of Chinese sturgeon protection.