不同水质评价方法的应用比较研究——以丹江口水库入库河流为例

为准确了解丹江口水库直接入库河流水质状况及其主要污染因子,基于2015年16条入库河流河口水质监测成果,分别采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和主成分分析法对水质进行评价。3种评价方法均得出神定河、泗河和犟河水质较差的结论;筛选出的主要污染因子大致相同,为总氮、高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、氨氮和总磷;不同评价方法对河流水质状况评价结果和污染因子排序略有不同,单因子评价法只能给出评价类别,综合污染指数法和主成分分析法适用于不同时空的水质变化比较。结合当前丹江口库区水质管理工作,建议适当调整泗河、神定河、犟河水质管理目标,除水质类别外,建议增加主要污染因子的消减目标。

Comparative study on application of different water quality evaluation methods:a case study of inflow rivers in Danjiangkou reservoir area

In order to understand the water quality of the main inflow rivers in Danjiangkou reservoir area, and find out the main pollution factors. Single Factor Assessment, Comprehensive Pollution Index and Principal Component Analysis were used to evaluate the water quality, based on the monitoring results of water quality of 16 inflow rivers in 2015. Three evaluation methods all showed that the water quality of Shending River, Sihe River and Jianghe River were poor. The principal pollution factors were approximately the same, that were total nitrogen(TN), permanganate index(CODMn), five days biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), ammonia(NH3-N), and total phosphorus(TP). The results of different evaluation methods for water quality and the main pollution factors are slightly different. Single Factor Assessment can only give the evaluation classification, Comprehensive Pollution Index method and Principal Component Analysis method are applied to the comparison of water quality changes in different time and space. Based on the current water quality management in Danjiangkou reservoir area, it is suggested to adjustment the water quality management objectives of Shending River, Sihe River and Jianghe River appropriately, in addition to water quality classifications, propose to increase the main pollution factor reduction targets.