济南市市售蔬菜中农药残留及慢性膳食暴露风险评估

目的了解济南市市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,评估蔬菜中农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险。方法对2010—2012年济南市市售蔬菜的农药残留情况进行分析,以2002年山东省居民营养与健康状况调查和中国居民膳食指南中推荐的蔬菜摄入量及JMPR制定的ADI为参数,应用国际每日膳食摄入评估法对济南市居民蔬菜中农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果共监测样品675份,有机磷类农药(乐果和乙酰甲胺磷)的检出率为3.93%(13/331),超标率为2.11%(7/331);拟除虫菊酯类农药(甲氰菊酯和氯菊脂)的检出率为9.91%(21/212),超标率为6.60%(14/212);氨基甲酸酯类农药(抗蚜威和异丙威)的检出率为7.58%(10/132),超标率为5.30%(7/132)。经评估各类农药的摄入量均小于ADI。结论济南市市售蔬菜农药残留量在安全限制之内,居民蔬菜中农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险小,但农药残留超标现象普遍,应规范和加强农药的使用和管理。

Surveillance on pesticide residues in vegetables in Jinan and the risk assessment of dietary exposure

To assess the risk of dietary exposure to pesticides.Methods Surveillance on pesticides in vegetables was conducted in Jinan from 2010 to 2012. According to the average vegetable intake and the ADI of pesticides in vegetables established by JMPR, the point assessment method was applied to assess the risk of exposure. Results 675 vegetable samples and 6 pesticides (dimethoate, acephate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, pirimicarb, and isoprocarb) were tested. The detection rates of organophosphorus pesticide, pyrethriods pesticide and carbamate pesticide were 3.93%, 9.91%, and 7.58%. The violation rates were 2.11%, 6.60%, and 5.30%. The pesticides intakes were lower than ADI.Conclusion The pesticides in commercial vegetables in Jinan were within the safety limit, but the violation rates should be taken seriously, and the application of pesticides should be strengthened.