不同发病率烟田根际土壤微生物群落组成研究

为有效防治土传病害，利用16S rRNA和18S rRNA基因测序分析了成熟期健康与易感病烟田根际土壤微生物群落组成差异，并研究了微生物与理化性质，酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明，norank_p_Saccharibacteria、norank_o_Gaiellales、Nocardioides、norank_o_Sordariales和Pseudallescheria是造成健康与易感病烟田根际土壤微生物群落组成差异的关键物种。土壤有机质、全磷、全氮、有效磷、碱解氮、蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶在健康与易感病烟田中差异极显著。烟田根际微生物与土壤性质之间的相关性表现为，Nocardioides与有机质（r=0.943）和磷酸酶（r=0.941）极显著正相关，与过氧化氢酶（r=-0.880）和蛋白酶（r=-0.829）显著负相关，norank_o_Sordariales与有机质（r=0.829）、全磷（r=0.943）、碱解氮（r=0.943）和脲酶（r=0.943）极显著正相关，与过氧化氢酶（r=-0.941）极显著负相关。研究结果为通过调控微生物群落结构防治烟草土传病害提供了理论依据。

Study on Microbial Community Composition in Rhizosphere Soil of Tobacco Fields with Different Disease Incidence Rates

To effectively prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases,16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences were used to analyze the differences in microbial community composition between rhizosphere soils of healthy and susceptible tobacco fields during the mature period,and the correlations between physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and microorganisms were studied.The results showed that norank_p_Saccharibacteria,norank_o_Gaiellales,Nocardioides,norank_o_Sordariales and Pseudallescheria were the key genus causing differences in microbial community composition between healthy and susceptible tobacco fields.There were significant differences in organic matter,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,alkaline nitrogen,protease,urease,catalase and phosphatase in the soils of healthy and susceptible tobacco fields.And the correlations between rhizosphere microbial and soil properties in tobacco fields are the following:Nocardioides was significantly positively correlated with organic matter(r=0.943),phosphatase(r=0.941),was significantly negatively correlated with catalase(r=-0.880)and protease(r=-0.829).norank_o_Sordariales was significantly positively correlated with organic matter(r=0.829),total phosphorus(r=0.943),alkaline nitrogen(r=0.943),urease(r=0.943),and extremely significantly negative correlation with catalase(r=-0.941).The results provide a theoretical basis for controlling soil-borne diseases of tobacco by regulating the structure of microbial communities.