大米及其加工产品中镉的消减方法研究进展

镉是一种毒性较强且不能被生物降解的重金属元素,易被动植物吸附富集后通过食物链进入人体而产生危害。水稻是一种镉富集能力较强的农作物,可通过根部吸收环境中的镉转移至稻谷中。近年来,由于土壤、水体、大气的镉污染日益严重,污染区生产的大米普遍出现镉超标的问题,严重影响了大米及其加工产品的食用安全。从源头控制镉污染虽是解决问题的根本,但难以在短期内实现。因此,直接消减大米及其加工产品中镉的研究受到了广泛关注。本文分析了镉在大米中的分布和存在形态,重点介绍了消减大米及其加工产品中镉的方法,主要包括物理法、化学法、生物法和复合法等4大类,并总结和比较了4种方法的优缺点,同时对今后的发展趋势和前景进行了展望。

Advance on reduction method of cadmium in rice and rice processing products

Cadmium is a kind of strongly toxic and non-biodegradable heavy metal that can be easily absorbed by plants and accumulated in human body through food chains so that result in health problems. Rice is a crop with strong cadmium enrichment ability, and rice plant can transfer cadmium to the seeds by absorbing cadmium from the environment through the roots. In recent years, the issue of cadmium excess in rice of pollution area is common, due to the increasingly serious pollution of cadmium in the soil, water and air, which seriously affects the consumption safety of rice and rice processing products. Controlling the cadmium contamination from the source can solve the problem completely, but it is difficult to achieve in a short time. Therefore, the reduction of cadmium in rice and rice processing products has been widely concerned. This paper analyzed the distribution and existing forms of cadmium in rice, and focused on different methods of reducing cadmium in rice and rice processing products, including physical, chemical, biological and compound methods. Advantages and disadvantages of the four methods were also summarized and compared. In addition, the future development trend and prospect were also discussed.