健康风险沟通中信息图形设计的易读性与可及性研究——以新冠疫情为例

目的 在持续的公共卫生危机期间，以信息图形提升公众对健康风险的认识是必要的手段之一。但信息图形涉及对数据、概念、流程等科学话语的视觉转译，公众可能会面临信息理解的易读性和可及性的问题。确认何种健康信息及其图形感知的设计可提升对风险概念的有效理解。方法 以新冠信息图形为例，基于风险传播、风险大小、风险接触和风险规避4个典型的风险沟通的类型，展开了一项联合社区用户、专家和设计师的焦点小组研究。结果 研究得到了5项设计建议，包括简化信息但不牺牲信息的丰富性，提供风险背景的上下文，数值比例的图形转换，感知-概念的图文整合，区分受众不同健康素养水平，谨慎处理信息的伦理问题。结论 健康风险信息紧急而复杂。信息设计可以提前介入，理解细分人群的信息行为、信息环境，快速响应沟通策略。研究得出的相关结论可对健康风险沟通实践提供参考，亦可拓展信息设计对健康传播跨学科研究的新范式。

Legibility and Accessibility of Infographic Design in Health Risk Communication:With COVID-19 as an Example

During the ongoing public health crisis, raising public awareness of health risks with infographics is a necessary tool. But infographics involve the visual translation of scientific discourses such as data, concepts, and processes, and the public may face issues of legibility and accessibility for information comprehension. The work aims to identify the type of health information and the design of its graphic perception that can improve the effective understanding of risk concepts. With COVID-19 infographic as an example, a focus group study combining community users, experts and designers was conducted based on four typical types of risk communication:risk communication, risk size, risk exposure, and risk aversion. The study yielded five design recommendations, including simplifying information without sacrificing richness of information, providing context for risk background, transformation of numerically scaled figures, image-text perception-concept integration, distinguishing between different levels of health literacy, and careful handling ethical issues of information. Health risk information is urgent and complex. Information design can intervene in advance to understand the information behavior of segmented groups, analyze the information environment, and respond quickly to communication strategies. Relevant conclusions of this work can provide reference for health risk communication practice, and can also expand a new paradigm of information design for interdisciplinary research on health communication.