国外传统农业水适应经验及水适应景观

古代人类在长期水资源管理及与各种水灾害斗争过程中,积累了朴素的具有生态价值的农业生产经验,表现在造田方式、作物类型、水资源管理等方面的适应性景观。研究表明,水适应景观内容和形式受气候干湿类型、地形特征等因素影响。当前,传统农业水适应景观研究已从传统的水利工程设施要素研究转向综合研究,探讨水景观的复杂结构和复合功能。现代水利技术背景下,如何借鉴传统水适应景观经验,探讨新的环境条件下水适应的途径和方法,是值得深入研究的方向。在水适应景观概念的框架下,对不同气候类型、不同地形特点下农业水景观的内容、形式及区域差异的研究,也是值得国内学者借鉴的研究方向。

Research progress on traditional agricultural water-adaptive landscapes in abroad

Many ancient civilizations have developed advanced water technologies during thousands of years of trials and errors of living with water resources. Natural disasters, including floods, droughts, soil erosions, as well as the experiences of field making, food production, irrigation management, has taught the ancients to create and maintain agricultural adaptive landscapes. The composition and structure of agricultural water landscapes are strongly affected by climate, topography, precipitation, etc. Recently traditional water landscapes topics had transferred to integrative landscape studies, focusing on the compound structure and function of water adaptive landscapes. With the development of modem hydrological technology, the traditional water-adaptive landscapes are facing great risk, even those in the rural area. Confronting with the deteriorating water environment, how to learn from the traditional water landscapes to establish a more sustainable and adaptive landscape architecture, should be paid more attention to. Based on a framework of water-adaptive landscapes, widely discussing the composition, distribution, regional diversity and the affecting factors, are what the Chinese researchers should learn to carry out.