双基地声测被动定位算法研究与仿真

声测被动定位是声学监视技术的重要研究内容。为了对低空飞行目标进行定位，在单基地声测被动定位的基础上，研究了双基地声测被动定位方法，推导出了三种不同单基地估计参数情况下的双基地定位算法和定位方差。仿真表明，当声学基阵的时间延迟估计误差相同时，利用单基地的方位角和俯仰角进行双基地定位，其定位精度要明显优于利用单基地斜距与方位角或单基地斜距与俯仰角进行双基地定位的情况，而且采用不同的声学基阵对双基地定位精度也有一定的影响。该研究成果可直接用于空中运动目标，如飞机、导弹和无人机等目标的声测被动定位。

Study and Simulation of Algorithm for Acoustic Passive Location with Two Arrays

Passive location exhibits as an important aspect in the acoustical surveillance technology. In order to locate the low altitude targets flying over a region, the multiple microphone arrays are always distributed over the region. When two microphone arrays are used to measure acoustic signals from the flying target, this paper provided the means for accurate localization of the target by fusion of the estimation result of two individual arrays. The processing scheme involves pitch, azimuth and range estimation by the time-delay estimation between pairs of microphones at individual array and the estimation result from the two arrays processing jointly by a fusion center, and this processing scheme lowers the communication bandwith. Contributions of the paper include the development of the algorithm for flying target location with two microphone arrays under three different measurement conditions and the presentation of its performance analysis. When the errors of time-delay estimation of two arrays are equal, performance analysis and simulation show that the precision of location using pitch and azimuth obtained from two individual arrays is superior to others, and the microphone array's shape also contributes to the precision. This result can be directly used in locating low altitude targets such as helicopters, or missiles.