四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探进展、挑战与前景

四川盆地黑色页岩层系多、页岩气资源丰富,是迄今为止中国主要的页岩气勘探开发盆地。为了给今后四川盆地乃至整个中国南方地区页岩气勘探开发提供指导和参考,以该盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践为对象,总结了其发展阶段与进展,明确了页岩气富集成藏的有利条件,梳理了制约页岩气发展的理论与技术挑战,进而探讨了未来的勘探开发前景。研究结果表明:(1)深水陆棚相形成高富含有机质页岩且连续段厚度大、品质好,复背(向)斜宽缓区构造相对稳定是该盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气持续聚集的有利条件,保存条件是页岩气富集的关键因素,页理(纹理)、微裂缝发育是页岩气高产的重要因素,超压是页岩气高产的重要条件;(2)制约该盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气工业化发展的技术瓶颈,主要包括富有机质页岩沉积相与沉积模式,页岩储层成岩过程与评价体系,页岩气形成与聚集机理,页岩气层地球物理识别与预测,资源动用率低、不确定性大,3500 m以深页岩气勘探开发技术尚未突破。结论认为,四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组仍是今后相当长一段时间内中国页岩气勘探开发的重点层系。

Progress,challenges and prospects of shale gas exploration in the Wufeng–Longmaxi reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin is a major target for shale gas exploration in present China because of its rich gas stored in abundant black shales with multiple bed series. For further guidance or reference, field exploration and development practices in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng–Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale reservoirs were studied in terms of development stages and progress, favorable conditions for shale gas accumulation, bottlenecking issues on theories and technologies related to shale gas development, and so on. The following findings were obtained. (1) Shale with rich organic matters originated from the deep shelf has a good quality and great thickness in the continuous beds. The relatively stable wide buffer zones in synclines (anticlines) provides favorable conditions for shale gas accumulation and preservation with well-developed micro-fractures and overpressure as necessary factors for a great potential of high shale gas productivity. (2) The bottlenecking technical issues restricting the shale gas industrial development in this study area include the following aspects: understandings of rich-organic matter shale sedimentary facies and modes, shale reservoir diagenetic process and evaluation systems, shale gas generation and accumulation mechanism, geophysical logging identification and prediction of shale gas layers, low resource utilization rate, great uncertainty of shale gas development, no technological breakthrough in the exploration of shale gas reservoirs buried deeper than 3 500 m. In conclusion, this study area will be the major target for the shale gas exploration and development in China in a rather long period in the future.