加氢体系构成对沥青质加氢效果的影响

将从玉门原油常压渣油和委内瑞拉原油常压渣油中抽提得到的沥青质，分别在渣油体系和十氢萘体系中进行加氢反应，从加氢产物分布、杂原子脱除率、加氢后沥青质缩合程度3个方面综合考察两种沥青质在不同体系中的加氢效果。结果表明：在十氢萘体系中，沥青质加氢的轻质产物收率更高，焦炭收率更低，但杂原子脱除效果较差；在渣油体系中，沥青质加氢的焦炭收率更高，杂原子脱除效果更好，沥青质的缩合程度更高。主要原因是十氢萘对沥青质具有溶解、分散作用，且对加氢过程具有供氢作用，可以改善沥青质加氢产物的分布，并减缓沥青质的缩合趋势，减少焦炭生成；而渣油体系中重组分大分子易缩合生成焦炭，有助于硫、氮杂原子通过生成焦炭的形式脱除。

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION OF HYDROGENATION SYSTEM ON ASPHALTENE HYDROGENATION

Asphaltene extracted from atmospheric residue of Yumen crude and atmospheric residue of Venezuela crude were hydrogenated in residue system and decalin system respectively.The hydrogenation effects of the two asphaltenes in different systems were comprehensively investigated from three aspects:the distribution of hydrogenation products,the removal rate of heteroatoms,and the condensation degree of asphaltene after hydrogenation.The results show that in the decalin system,the yield of light products from asphaltene hydrogenation is higher and the yield of coke is lower than those in residue system,but the removal effect of impurities is poor,and in residue system,the coke yield of asphaltene hydrogenation is higher and the removal effect of impurities is better than those in decalin system,and asphaltene has a higher degree of condensation.The main reason is that decalin can dissolve and disperse asphaltene,and provide hydrogen for the hydrogenation process,which can improve the distribution of asphaltene hydrogenation products,slow down the tendency of asphaltene condensation and reduce the formation of coke.The coke formed by the condensation of the heavy oil component macromolecules in the residue system is helpful for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms through the formation of coke.