硒对常见蔬菜种子萌发的影响及在植株中的分布

分析不同质量浓度的Na2Se O3对蔬菜种子萌发的影响及硒在蔬菜不同器官中的分布,采用种子萌发实验和盆栽实验,应用氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定总硒,透析法分析有机硒。结果表明:随着Na2Se O3质量浓度的升高,蔬菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、简易活力指数、发芽指数均呈先上升后下降的趋势,但个体之间存在一定差异。绿豆在2.5 mg/L的处理液条件下各项活力指标达到最好,但随着Na2Se O3质量浓度升高,其各项指标开始下降。蔬菜植株中总硒含量随着浇灌液中Na2Se O3质量浓度的增加呈明显的上升趋势,在10.0 mg/L的高硒环境下对硒的富集能力为:上海青快菜茄子辣椒西红柿。茄子、辣椒、西红柿3种蔬菜不同部位中硒含量分布存在显著差异,其中m(有机硒)≥1/2m(总硒)。实验结果可为筛选最适宜水培液中Na2Se O3质量浓度和选择适宜培育的富硒蔬菜种类,以及选择硒含量高的部位进食提供理论依据。

Influence of Sodium Selenite on Seed Germination and Selenium Distribution of Common Vegetables

The influence of different concentrations of Na2SeO3 on seed germination of common vegetable seeds and
selenium distribution in different plant organs were analyzed. Seed germination experiments and pot experiments were
conducted. The total selenium content was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS),
and organic selenium was analyzed by the dialysis method. The results showed that the germination potential, germination
rates, simple vigor indices, and germination indices of bok choy, cowpea and mung bean increased initially, followed by
a decrease with an increase in Na2SeO3 concentration, but noticeable differences were observed among individuals. Mung
beans treated with 2.5 mg/L Na2SeO3 could achieve the best viability, which decreased at higher Na2SeO3 concentrations.
Total selenium contents in early-ripening Chinese cabbage, tomato, capsicum, eggplant and bok choy showed an obvious
upward trend with increasing concentration of Na2SeO3, and their abilities to enrich selenium were in the descending order
of bok choy > Chinese cabbage > eggplant > capsicum > tomato. Selenium was distributed significantly differently in
various plant organs of eggplant, capsicum and tomato, with organic selenium accounting for no less than 50% of the total
selenium amount. These results will provide a theoretical basis for screening optimum concentration of Na2SeO3 and suitable
vegetables for selenium enrichment.