4种抗氧化剂对文冠果油氧化稳定性及脂肪酸组成影响

以冷榨文冠果油为原料，选择过氧化值、酸价和羰基价为评判指标，采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化法研究了四种抗氧化剂对文冠果油氧化稳定性的影响，建立了以过氧化值为指标的文冠果油的氧化动力学模型，研究了180 ℃高温条件下四种抗氧化剂对文冠果油脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明，添加迷迭香提取物（RE）、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯（AP）、特丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）抗氧化效果依次为TBHQ>RE>AP，添加维生素E（V_E）抗氧化效果不显著。拟合的动力学方程模型显示，空白和添加V_E组的文冠果油氧化模型符合一级动力学反应，添加RE、AP、TBHQ符合零级动力学反应，通过拟合方程计算空白文冠果油的货架期为177 d，添加抗氧化剂V_E、RE、AP、TBHQ的货架期分别为178、346、341、425 d。180 ℃条件下处理文冠果油，RE、AP、TBHQ在前期表现出抑制低碳链脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸增多的作用，但30 h后抑制作用消失，与空白组对比差别不显著。文冠果油不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，易被氧化，该研究对文冠果油的贮藏和使用提供了数据参考。

Effects of Four Kinds of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Oil and Analysis of Its Fatty Acid Compositions

Taking cold-press Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil as material, the effects of antioxidants on the oxidation stability were studied by Schaal oven test according to peroxide value(POV), acid value(AV) and carbonyl value. The oxidation kinetic model were established with the POV determination, the effects of four antioxidants on the fatty acid compositions of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil at 180 ℃ were studied. The results showed that the antioxidant effects of rosemary extract(RE), ascorbal palmitate(AP) and tert butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) were in the order of TBHQ>RE>AP, and antioxidant effect of vitamin E(V_E) was not significant. The fitted kinetic equation model showed that the oxidation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil with blank and V_E group accorded with the first-order kinetic reaction, and the addition of RE, AP and TBHQ accorded with the zero order kinetic reaction. According to the fitting equation, the shelf life of blank Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil was 177 d, and that of antioxidants V_E, RE, AP and TBHQ were 178, 346, 341 and 425 d respectively. When Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil was treated at 180 ℃, RE, AP and TBHQ inhibited the increasing of low carbon chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in the initial stage. However, the inhibitory effect disappeared after 30 hours, and there was no significant difference compared with the blank group. Unsaturated fatty acid, especially linoleic were enriched in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil, it was easy to be oxidized. This study would provide certain data support for the storage and utilization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil.