北京设施蔬菜基地蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯残留特征分析

目的研究北京设施农业蔬菜中的邻苯二甲酸酯类(phthalic acid ester,PAEs)的污染水平,分析北京设施农业蔬菜中PAEs污染物特征。方法采集北京市昌平区、延庆区和顺义区的8个典型设施蔬菜基地16份蔬菜样品,利用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化、内标法定量,气相色谱质谱联用技术分析蔬菜中15种PAEs。结果在分析的蔬菜样品中均检测出PAEs,15种PAEs总浓度(∑PAEs)为0.15~6.94 mg/kg,平均含量为4.91 mg/kg。蔬菜中PAEs的单体分布相似,其中以邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)含量最高,占∑PAEs的36.9%,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)含量次之,分别占∑PAEs的33.5%和19.2%。结论设施蔬菜基地地膜的使用导致PAEs存在于各类蔬菜,蔬菜中的PAEs残留量应引起重视。

Analysis of residual characteristics of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in vegetables from greenhouse vegetable production bases in Beijing

Objective To study the pollution level of phthalic acid ester (PAEs) and analyze the pollution characteristics in vegetables of facility vegetable base. Methods The 16 vegetable samples were collected from 8 typical vegetable production bases located in Changping, Yanqing and Shunyi District. Fifteen kinds of PAEs were analyzed through ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction column purification, isotope internal standard quantization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results PAEs were ubiquitous contaminants in vegetables, and total PAE concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 6.94 mg/kg, with the average content of 4.91 mg/kg in the vegetable samples. The distribution of PAEs monomer in various vegetables was similar. The concentration of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the highest, followed by dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate. The proportion of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate in PAEs was 36.9%, 33.5% and 19.2%, respectively. Conclution The residual value of PAEs in vegetables deserves more attention due to widely application of film in facility vegetable base.