几种新型抗冻剂对鲮鱼鱼糜蛋白抗冻效果研究

以盐溶性蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性、总巯基含量、二硫键、表面疏水性、凝胶强度为指标,研究了海藻糖、聚葡萄糖、乳酸钠在8%（w/w）水平上对鲮鱼鱼糜蛋白在-18℃冻藏26周后的抗冻效果,并将其抗冻效果与传统商业抗冻剂（4%蔗糖+4%山梨糖醇）进行了对比。结果表明:海藻糖、聚葡萄糖、乳酸钠的加入均能较好地抑制冻藏鲮鱼鱼糜蛋白的冷冻变性,且乳酸钠具有比传统商业抗冻剂更好的抗冻效果,表现在它比传统商业抗冻剂更好地抑制鲮鱼鱼糜盐溶性蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性、巯基含量和凝胶强度的下降以及防止鱼糜蛋白表面疏水性及二硫键的增加;海藻糖的抗冻效果也优于传统商业抗冻剂,其抑制二硫键的增加及维持鱼糜盐溶性蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性、巯基含量和凝胶强度的能力均强于商业抗冻剂;聚葡萄糖的抗冻效果与商业抗冻剂相当,其在抑制鲮鱼鱼糜盐溶性蛋白含量、巯基含量、凝胶强度的下降及二硫键、表面水性的增加方面的能力均与传统商业抗冻剂相当。因此,上述三种物质可作为低甜度、低热值的抗冻剂用于鱼糜加工业,以代替高甜度、高热值的传统商业抗冻剂。      

海藻糖对草鱼鱼糜冻藏品质的影响

为研究添加海藻糖对草鱼冷冻鱼糜蛋白质变性的抑制效果,首先检测冻藏期(12周)内各组盐溶性蛋白、总巯基、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活力、羰基含量的变化,发现6%添加量能最大程度地抑制蛋白质的变性,并于冻藏6个月后对基质构特性进行测定,其凝胶强度达3 026g·mm,极显著高于对照组(P0.01),扫描电镜发现该组鱼糜凝胶超微三维网状结构更为紧实、致密、坚韧。综上表明,6%的海藻糖能抑制草鱼鱼糜蛋白在冷冻过程中的变性,延缓鱼糜冻藏品质的下降,其作为一种潜在的商业鱼糜抗冻剂具有良好的应用前景。     

海藻糖类抗冻保水剂对冻藏南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)品质的影响

以冻藏南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)虾仁为研究对象,0.5%和1.0%(w/v)海藻糖、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钠寡糖溶液作为抗冻保水剂,蒸馏水、0.5%和1.0%(w/v)焦磷酸钠分别为阴性对照组和阳性对照组,于-18 ℃下贮藏6周,通过对冻藏南美白对虾仁的解冻损失、颜色、肌原纤维蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性以及微观结构等指标进行分析,评价海藻糖类等对冻藏虾仁品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,海藻糖、海藻酸钠寡糖、焦磷酸钠处理组虾仁的解冻损失显著降低(p<0.05)。海藻糖类提高了南美白对虾冻藏期间颜色的稳定性。海藻糖和海藻酸钠寡糖处理有效地保持了冻藏虾仁中肌原纤维蛋白含量和Ca2+-ATP酶活性,其中肌原纤维含量分别为104.2、103.2 mg/g,Ca2+-ATP酶活性分别为0.141、0.142 μmol Pi/mg·min。染色实验和电泳实验结果表明,海藻糖类对冻藏后肌肉蛋白质的降解和肌肉组织结构的损伤具有减缓作用,虾仁肌肉肌纤维结构完整,肌肉间无较大空隙形成,较好地保持了冻藏虾仁组织完整性,副肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白条带的强度都没有明显的降低。研究表明:在南美白对虾的冻藏过程中,海藻糖和海藻酸钠寡糖抗冻剂起到了良好的抗冻效果,能够更好地保证冻藏虾仁的质量和品质,得到一种冻藏水产品复合磷酸盐保水剂的较好替代品。     

聚葡萄糖对冻藏鳙鱼鱼糜抗冻作用的研究

本文以Ca2+-ATP酶活性、肌原纤维蛋白溶出量、总巯基含量、二磺键含量、表面疏水性、水结合能力等的变化(WHC)为指标,研究了聚葡萄糖在4％、8％水平上对鳙鱼鱼糜蛋白在-18℃冻藏10周的抗冻作用,并与传统的商业抗冻剂(4％蔗糖+4％山梨醇)进行比较.结果表明:4％聚葡萄糖具有显著的抗冻作用,可与商业抗冻剂相比拟,而...     

海藻糖对罗非鱼糜及蛋白抗冻作用的研究

以罗非鱼为原料,提取肌原纤维蛋白,添加10%海藻糖。在不同的冷冻时间下对其蛋白盐溶性,ATPase活性及巯基含量为指标,与未添加海藻糖对比研究肌原纤维蛋白的变性程度。制作罗非鱼糜,添加10%海藻糖作为对比,与蛋白变性过程同步,研究鱼糜的凝胶强度、保水性、弹性、咀嚼性等指标。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的延长,鱼糜蛋白盐溶性ATPase活性及巯基含量均呈下降趋势,鱼糜的保水性、弹性凝胶强度等也同步下降。而添加海藻糖对该趋势有抑制作用。     

海藻糖在冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜中的抗冻作用研究

以盐溶性蛋白的溶解度、肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性以及凝胶性能的变化为指标,初步探讨了海藻糖在罗非鱼鱼糜的冷冻加工及冻藏过程中对蛋白质变性的影响。结果表明,冷藏8周后,添加5%和10%海藻糖组鱼糜的盐溶性蛋白含量分别比对照组高出28.02%和33.31%;Ca2+-ATPase的活性保持分别比对照高出26%和22%;凝胶强度分别比对照高37.75%和42.82%。结论:添加5%以上的海藻糖能有效地抑制冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜冻藏过程中的蛋白质变性,减缓凝胶强度的降低,提高鱼糜制品的品质。     

海藻糖在冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜中的抗冻作用研究

以盐溶性蛋白的溶解度、肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性以及凝胶性能的变化为指标,初步探讨了海藻糖在罗非鱼鱼糜的冷冻加工及冻藏过程中对蛋白质变性的影响。结果表明,冷藏8周后,添加5%和10%海藻糖组鱼糜的盐溶性蛋白含量分别比对照组高出28.02%和33.31%;Ca2+-ATPase的活性保持分别比对照高出26%和22%;凝胶强度分别比对照高37.75%和42.82%。结论:添加5%以上的海藻糖能有效地抑制冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜冻藏过程中的蛋白质变性,减缓凝胶强度的降低,提高鱼糜制品的品质。      

海藻糖对防止鲤鱼鱼糜蛋白质冷冻变性的研究

以冻藏鱼糜盐溶性蛋白含量、巯基含量及肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATP 酶活性为指标, 探讨冷冻鲤鱼鱼糜在冻藏过程中添加海藻糖对蛋白质变性作用的影响。结果表明：5%海藻糖溶液浸渍处理组,冻藏7周后,盐溶性蛋白含量、巯基含量分别比空白组高16.16%和8.8%;5%海藻糖溶液浸渍处理组,冻藏30d后,肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATP 酶活力的下降率比空白组低29.6%。可见添加海藻糖能有效地防止蛋白质变性,提高冷冻鲤鱼鱼糜的品质。     

海藻糖复配蔗糖和山梨醇对未漂洗大黄鱼鱼糜的抗冻效果研究

测定海藻糖、山梨醇、蔗糖以不同比例复配对未漂洗大黄鱼肌原纤维蛋白理化指标以及凝胶特性变化的影响.结果表明,经过90 d的冻藏,复配抗冻剂与商业抗冻剂均能延缓肌原纤维蛋白降解,抑制冰晶的形成及成长.海藻糖、山梨醇、蔗糖的添加量为4％+2％+2％(均为质量分数)时,鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性、总巯基含量相较...     

两种抗冻剂对罗非鱼鱼糜的凝胶性及抗冻性的影响

以凝胶性能、盐溶性蛋白含量及肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性的变化为指标,研究了商业抗冻剂(蔗糖/山梨醇)和海藻糖在罗非鱼鱼糜冻藏过程中对蛋白质变性的影响。结果表明,冷藏20周后,添加8%商业抗冻剂和8%海藻糖组鱼糜的破断强度分别比对照高出39.14%和601.11%,凹陷强度分别比对照高出34.14%和39.85%,凝胶强度分别比对照高出36.03%和41.05%,盐溶性蛋白含量分别比对照高出30.00%和38.86%,肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性分别为下降了67.12%和57.89%,而对照的肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase没有活性。结论:添加8%海藻糖比8%商业抗冻剂更能有效抑制罗非鱼鱼糜在冻藏过程中的蛋白质变性,减缓凝胶强度的降低,提高鱼糜制品的质量。     

Comparison of the Cryoprotective Effects of Trehalose,Alginate, and Its Oligosaccharides on Peeled Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) During Frozen Storage

The cryoprotective effects of trehalose, alginate, and its oligosaccharides on peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during frozen storage was investigated by monitoring thawing loss, color, texture, myofibrillar protein content, Ca²⁺‐ATPase activity, and performing microscopic structural analysis. Data revealed significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effects on thawing loss and textural variables (springiness and chewiness) in trehalose‐, alginate oligosaccharides‐, and sodium pyrophosphate‐treated shrimp compared with the control and alginate‐treated batches. L* values revealed that these saccharides had a positive effect on color stability during frozen storage. In addition, the results of chemical analyses showed that trehalose and alginate oligosaccharide treatments effectively maintained an increased myofibrillar protein content and Ca²⁺‐ATPase activity in frozen shrimp. In addition, hematoxylin & eosin staining and SDS‐PAGE confirmed that these cryoprotective saccharides slowed the degradation of muscle proteins and the damage to muscle tissue structures. Overall, the application of trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides to peeled frozen shrimp might maintain better quality and extend the commercialization of these refrigerated products.     

卡拉胶寡糖对冷冻南美白对虾的抗冻保水作用

目的:研发冷冻南美白对虾虾仁的抗冻保水剂并探索其应用效果。方法:以冷冻虾仁解冻损失率、明度、p H值、肌原纤维蛋白含量、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性、弹性和咀嚼性为评价指标,以焦磷酸钠为阳性对照,研究卡拉胶寡糖对冷冻虾仁的抗冻保水效果及微观组织结构的影响情况。结果:卡拉胶寡糖和焦磷酸钠浸泡处理能有效抑制冷冻虾仁解冻损失率的增加,减少肌原纤维蛋白含量和Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性的下降,对虾仁pH值、明度和质构特性的保护效果显著,且3g/100 m L处理组的保护效果整体高于1 g/100 m L处理组;同时,3 g/100 m L卡拉胶寡糖处理对虾仁肌原纤维蛋白的保护效果显著高于3 g/100 m L焦磷酸钠处理(P0.05);微观结构观察发现,冻藏6周后,3 g/100 m L卡拉胶寡糖处理组虾仁肌纤维排列紧密,完整性较好,与新鲜冷冻虾仁组织结构较为相近。结论:3 g/100 m L卡拉胶寡糖浸泡处理有利于冷冻虾仁品质的保持。研究结果可为开发一种低甜味、低热量的虾仁抗冻剂提供参考。     

菊粉对冻藏鲢鱼鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白抗冻性的影响

研究菊粉对冻藏鲢鱼鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白抗冻性的影响,对鲢鱼鱼糜盐溶性蛋白含量、肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2＋-ATPase活性、总巯基含量、活性巯基含量、表面疏水性进行分析。结果表明,在－18 ℃条件下冻藏5 周后,菊粉可以抑制鲢鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性,盐溶性蛋白含量、肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2＋-ATPase活性、总巯基含量、活性巯基含量的下降趋势和表面疏水性的增加趋势均得到抑制,其中1.5%菊粉的抗冻效果优于其他实验组且与商业抗冻剂接近。研究结果为开发热量和甜度较低的抗冻剂提供一定的理论依据。     

Quality Changes and Establishment of Predictive Models for Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Fillets During Frozen Storage

The objectives of this study were to investigate quality changes of bighead carp fillets during frozen storage by measuring free fatty acids (FFA), salt extractable protein (SEP) content, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, and total sulfhydryl (SH) content and to develop predictive models based on them. FFA increased with the extension of storage time. Meanwhile, SEP content, SH content, and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity all decreased during storage. A marked inhibition (p?2+-ATPase activity and SH content decrease was observed during storage of bighead carp fillets at ?30 °C, compared to those stored at ?10 and ?20 °C. Additionally, the relative errors of models based on Ca²⁺-ATPase and SH were all below 10 %. Thus, the lower frozen temperature can inhibit quality damage effectively, and a reliable estimation of quality changes could be performed by models based on Ca²⁺-ATPase and SH.     

Gel Properties of Surimi from Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis): Influence of Setting and Soy Protein Isolate

ABSTRACT: The effects of setting conditions and soy protein isolate (SPI) on textural properties and microstructures of surimi produced from bighead carp were investigated. The incubation conditions of bighead carp surimi affected the breaking force and distance. The optimum setting conditions were 35 °C to 40 °C for 60 min. When the surimi was cooked after 50 °C incubation for 30 to 120 min, the breaking force and distance were inferior to that of no incubation. The gel structure showed that the incubation conditions affected the bighead carp surimi gel microstructures, thus producing surimi with different gelling properties. Breaking force and distance of surimi gels decreased when the protein ratio of SPI was increased in the total protein at 30 °C and 40 °C for 60 min setting and heating at 85 °C for 30 min, but the breaking force obtained for 90% surimi protein plus 10% SPI protein was higher than surimi alone at 50 °C for 60 min incubation and heating at 85 °C for 30 min.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜抗冻作用机制

通过肌原纤维蛋白理化指标、鱼糜凝胶特性的测定及十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）,研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）对冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜的抗冻效果并探讨其作用机制。结果表明,罗非鱼鱼糜中添加EGCG具有一定的抗冻效果,对比空白组具有显著差异性。冻藏期间空白组鱼糜中盐溶性蛋白含量、总巯基含量分别下降了68.2%和62.9%,而添加0.01% EGCG后二者的降幅分别为54.5%和49.2%,且EGCG还明显延缓了肌原纤维蛋白的氧化羰基化作用。此外,冻藏过程中,EGCG组和空白组鱼糜凝胶强度和持水性随冻藏时间延长逐渐降低,且EGCG添加量较大时,反而加快凝胶劣化。SDS-PAGE显示,EGCG能够有效抑制肌原纤维蛋白降解,其中质量分数为0.01%的EGCG效果最佳。EGCG能延缓肌原纤维蛋白变性和降解程度,延缓鱼糜氧化变质程度,有望成为一种新型的鱼糜抗冻剂。     

Cryoprotective Effects of Lactitol, Palatinit and Polydextrose® on Cod Surimi Proteins during Frozen Storage

The cryoprotective effects of lactitol dihydrate, Polydextrose® and Palatinit (Isomalt) at 8% w/w in codsurimi were compared to an industrial control containing a sucrose/sorbitol 1:1 mixture and a control without additive. Surimi was stored at ?20°C for 12 wk and examined for freeze-induced protein changes every 2 wk by salt extractable protein and differential scanning calorimetry analyses: Palatinit®, lactitol and Polydextrose® stabilized surimi proteins equally well as did the sucrose/sorbitol mixture. Salt extractable protein and myosin peak enthalpy for surimi were maintained at the same level as the industrial control. Confirming earlier results, initial T_max-myosin yielded information regarding surimi protein stability over extended periods of frozen storage.