脱氢枞酸的非等温热分解动力学?

采用TG-DTG热分析方法,在5、10、15和20 K·min-1线性升温条件下,研究了脱氢枞酸在氩气气氛中的热分解反应动力学.分别运用Kissinger法、Flyrm-Wall-Ozawa法对脱氢枞酸非等温热分解动力学数据进行了分析,同时运用Satava-Sestak法研究了脱氢枞酸的热分解机理.结果表明,脱氢枞酸的热分解机理为随机成核和随后生长机理,热分解反应的表观活化能为93.14 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为3.72×107s-1,反应级数为1级,并按这些参数写出了其反应动力学方程.     

氢氧化锆热分解反应动力学研究

热重研究结果表明,氢氧化锆热分解是一失重率为21.5%的一阶失重过程,失重峰值温度与差示扫描量热法分析吸热峰值温度基本吻合。在非等温条件下,采用单加热速率微分Achar和积分Coats-Redfern方程,结合多加热速率法Kissinger方程,以线性相关性和动力学参数的比较作为判断依据,推断Zr(OH)4热分解过程由化学反应机理控制,计算得到反应活化能E=52.30 kJ/mol,lg A=4.767。     

DL-2-萘普生热分解过程和非等温热分解动力学研究

用热重-差热联用分析(DTA-TGA)技术和差动扫描(DSC)技术研究了DL-2-萘普生在空气中的热分解过程和非等温热分解机理及动力学.DTA-TGA分析表明DL-2-萘普生在((250.722～296.87)±4.88)℃之间发生热分解反应,结合DSC分析表明DL-2-萘普生的熔点为(158.16±0.6)℃,熔融热...     

用热重法研究代森锰锌的非等温热分解动力学

用非等温热重法研究了代森锰锌的热分解反应动力学。研究是在氮气气氛中、升温速率范围为1．0～20．0K／min内进行的。用统计方法处理测得的实验数据,计算得到代森锰锌的热分解活化能,为研究代森锰锌的热分解动力学提供了基础数据,以及用于鉴定代森锰锌的待征温度外推始点Te和峰温Tp及对升温速率的拟合曲线。测定了所研究代森锰锌样品的X衍射光谱、红外光谱,同时对样品进行了“斑点”试验,不但说明了样品是“真正”的代森锰锌,而且将上述谱图和文献已发表的进行了对比和讨论。     

非等温热重法研究聚苯硫醚热分解动力学

采用非等温热重法对聚苯硫醚的热分解动力学进行研究,通过比较计算结果选定拟合结果更好的迭代法计算反应活化能,采用积分法结合36种动力学函数来判断聚苯硫醚热分解的机理函数。得到了聚苯硫醚热分解动力学参数平均活化能E、指前因子A和对应的热分解动力学方程。     

非等温热重法研究聚苯醚热分解动力学

采用非等温热重法对聚苯醚的热分解动力学进行研究,计算了反应活化能,采用积分法结合36种动力学函数来判断聚苯醚热分解的机理函数,得到了聚苯醚热动力学参数即反应的动力学函数,平均活化能（E_a）为211.64kJ/mol,指前因子（A）的平均值为6.24×10⁷s^-1,也获得了对应的热分解动力学方程。     

煤焦二氧化碳气化动力学研究(Ⅱ)非等温热重法

利用热失重仪以恒升温速率（非等温）法研究煤焦-CO2气化反应，并用Ozawa法和单一升温速率法来求解动力学参数。结果表明：Ozawa法和单一升温速率法求解得到的动力学参数差异大；单一升温速率法求得的不同升温速率下表观活化能和指前因子呈线性相关性；表现活化能随升温速率增加呈线性减小。     

新型复合油相乳化炸药基质的非等温热分解特性

为了掌握新型复合油相制备的乳化炸药的热分解特性,利用TG-DTG技术测试了其制备的乳化炸药基质在氮气气氛中的热分解过程,用Kissinger法和Ozawa法进行动力学分析,求解相关动力学参数。通过模型拟合法推测其热分解机理,并用非模型拟合法进行验证。结果表明,新型复合油相制备的乳化炸药基质分解率为15%~95%时,其热分解平均活化能(E)和指前因子lg(A/s~(-1))分别为142.12kJ/mol和13.26,热稳定性高于复合蜡制备的乳化炸药基质,热分解过程符合三维(3D)扩散控制机理(n=2)。     

基于非等温热重法的煤焦燃烧特性及反应动力学

利用非等温热重法研究了由津凯褐煤、万泰烟煤、冀中能源无烟煤和骊达宁无烟煤4种煤在不同变质情况下制备所得煤焦的燃烧特性,利用随机孔模型(RPM)、收缩核未反应芯模型和体积模型模拟了煤焦燃烧反应过程. 结果表明,煤焦燃烧性能与煤粉变质程度、灰分含量和升温速率有关;降低煤粉灰分含量、提高升温速率能够明显加快煤焦燃烧速率,缩短燃烧时间. 动力学计算表明,RPM模型表征煤焦燃烧效果最优,由其所计算的4种煤焦的表观活化能分别为55.74,88.26,84.27和101.30 kJ/mol.     

利用氢氧化镁热分解氯化铵制氨气工艺的研究

对利用氢氧化镁热分解氯化铵制氨气反应体系进行了热力学计算分析,以反应温度、反应物的物质的量比、反应时间为变量,以固体产物中的含氮量、氯收率以及氨气收率等为评价指标,对氢氧化镁热分解氯化铵制氨气的工艺条件进行了研究。实验结果表明,在反应温度为375 ℃,氢氧化镁与氯化铵的物质的量比为1∶0.75,反应时间为50 min时,氯收率和氨气收率均可达到90%以上,同时氢氧化镁分解氯化铵能够直接生成碱式氯化镁,不需向反应器中通入水蒸气。     

Improvement in hydration resistance of CaO granules by addition of Zr(OH)4 and Al(OH)3

Improving the hydration resistance of CaO aggregates is the key to successful application of lime-based refractories in metallurgical industry. Additive Zr(OH)₄ and Al(OH)₃ were introduced in the preparation of CaO granules using granulation equipment and calcination method in this study. The results showed that the hydration resistance of CaO granules was improved significantly, especially for granules with 0.6 wt.% Zr(OH)₄ and 0.9 wt.% Al(OH)₃, respectively. The shell of CaO granules was relatively dense after calcination and the volume of open pores of CaO granules decreased from 3.56 × 10⁻² to 1.80 × 10⁻² cm³/g when additive was introduced. Zr(OH)₄ and Al(OH)₃ have the opposite effect on the closed porosity of CaO granules, the closed porosity of CaO granules was decreased with Zr(OH)₄ addition, but increased with Al(OH)₃ addition.     

Kinetics of non-isothermal cold crystallization of uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The non-isothermal equation was extended to describe non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of oriented polymers. The validity of the equation was examined by using a DSC crystallization curve of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with a constant heating rate. The double cold crystallization peaks appeared in the DSC curve. The relative degrees of crystallinity at different temperatures were analyzed by using the equation. The results show that the value of the Avrami exponent near to 1 at lower temperatures implies the bundle-like crystal growth geometry and the value of the Avrami exponent near to, 2, at higher temperatures implies the higher dimension crystal growth geometry. The first crystallization process crystallizes at faster rate than that of the isotropic sample, while the second process crystallizes at slower rate than that of isotropic sample. If a simple single process model was used, the value of the Avrami exponent, 0.77, was obtained. The result shows the simple single process model cannot describe the processes of crystallization of oriented PET fibers satisfactorily.     

氢氧化镁纳米棒的等温分解动力学研究

以六水氯化镁和轻质氧化镁为原料,制备出碱式氯化镁纳米棒;再以碱式氯化镁纳米棒为前驱物,采用沉淀转化法,合成出直径约100—200nm,长约6～10μm的氢氧化镁纳米棒。利用热分析法对氢氧化镁纳米棒进行了等温热分解动力学研究,结果表明,氢氧化镁纳米棒在300℃和350℃时的热分解反应服从随机成核和随后生长机理、积分机理函数g（α）=[-ln（1-α）]^1/m,表观活化能E=153kJ／mol,指前因子A=5．83×10^12s^-1。     

Preparation and characterization of CaO nanoparticles from Ca(OH)2 by direct thermal decomposition method

CaO is an important material because of its application as catalyst and effective chemisorbents for toxic gases. In this research CaO nanoparticles were prepared via direct thermal decomposition method using Ca(OH)₂ as a wet chemically synthesized precursor. Nanocrystalline particles of Ca(OH)₂ have been obtained by adding 1 and 2 M NaOH aqueous solutions to 0.5 M CaCl₂·2H₂O aqueous solutions at 80 °C. The precursor [Ca(OH)₂] was calcined in N₂ atmosphere at 650 °C for 1 h. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectrum (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunaure–Emett–Teller (BET). SEM images showed that CaO nano-particles were nearly spherical in morphology. TEM images illustrated that produced CaO nano-particles had the mean particle size of 91 and 94 nm for 1 and 2 M NaOH concentration, respectively. As a result, this method could be used for production of CaO nano-particles on large-scale as a cheap and convenient way, without using any surfactant, organic medium or complicated equipment.     

Preparation and thermal decomposition of 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·2H2O nanowhiskers

Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH) nanowhiskers were prepared using magnesium chloride, ammonia and magnesium sulfate as raw materials by hydrothermal synthesis without any additional template. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were employed to characterize the composition and structural features of the MHSH nanowhiskers. It is shown that the thermal decomposition of nanowhiskers followed a three-step scheme. Based on DTA data, the reaction order, activation energy and pre-exponential factor for each step were calculated using a non-isothermal Kissinger method. It is also indicated from Satava method that the first step of the thermal decomposition of nanowhiskers is an A₂ nucleus formation and growth mechanism with integral form of G(a) = [−ln(1 − a)]^1/2. The second step is an A_u branching nuclei mechanism with integral form of G(a) = ln[a/(1 − a)], and the final step is a P_1/2 nucleation mechanism with integral form of G(a) = a^1/2.     

热重分析法研究氢氧化镁纳米粉体的非等温分解动力学

以白云石为原料,盐酸酸溶后得到CaCl₂-MgCl₂滤液,采用氨水直接沉淀法制备出符合HG/T 3607-2000Ⅰ型标准的六方片状的纳米氢氧化镁。六方片厚度为25～30 nm,直径为0.3～0.4 mm。利用热重分析法对纳米氢氧化镁在不同升温速率下的热分解动力学进行研究,以期深入了解纳米氢氧化镁热分解制备纳米氧化镁粉体过程的物理化学本质。采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算出氢氧化镁热分解反应活化能分别为115.47 kJ·mol^-1和126.04 kJ·mol^-1。对热重分析数据进行处理和拟合,判断纳米氢氧化镁粉体热分解反应机理函数为Avrami-Erofeev（n=1.5）的随机成核和随后生长机理。指前因子为3.077×10¹⁰ s^-1。纳米氢氧化镁经煅烧制备得到的氧化镁纳米球的直径为80～100 nm。     

Thermal decomposition of precursor of SmBiO3 buffer layer for YBCO high-temperature superconducting tape

In order to explore the rapid preparation process of the buffer layer of the high-temperature superconducting tape, the thermal decomposition and the phase formation kinetics of buffer layer precursor were studied. The precursor solution was prepared by using lactic acid as solvent, and nitrates as solutes. The synthesis mechanism of SmBiO₃ phase was determined by the combination of universal integral method, differential method and multi-rate scanning Kissinger method, and the related kinetic parameters were solved. The results show that the thermal decomposition processes of the precursor is divided into two stages from room temperature to 800 °C. The second stage of SmBiO₃ phase synthesis reaction obeys the second order chemical reaction model. The average apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the synthesis reaction calculated by the integration and the differential methods are 73 kJ/mol and 3.24 × 10⁴/min, respectively.     

氢氧化镁热分解法制备活性氧化镁(英文)

以氢氧化镁为原料通过热分解法制备了活性氧化镁粉体。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、压汞仪和热分析仪对粉体进行了表征。结果表明:氢氧化镁通过一步分解生成氧化镁,质量损失率为30.8%,与理论计算质量损失率相吻合。当煅烧温度从400℃增加到600℃,颗粒状氢氧化镁分解生成片状氧化镁。当煅烧温度为550℃,保温10min后,氢氧化镁完全分解,吸碘值达到最大值,为83.6mg/g。