Applying a validation framework to a working airport terminal model

Validation is an important issue in the development and application of Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) models, especially when the outcome of the model cannot be directly observed. Despite this, few frameworks for validating BBNs have been proposed and fewer have been applied to substantive real-world problems. In this paper we adopt the approach by Pitchforth and Mengersen (2013), which includes nine validation tests that each focus on the structure, discretisation, parameterisation and behaviour of the BBNs included in the case study.We describe the process and result of implementing a validation framework on a model of a real airport terminal system with particular reference to its effectiveness in producing a valid model that can be used and understood by operational decision makers. In applying the proposed validation framework we demonstrate the overall validity of the Inbound Passenger Facilitation Model as well as the effectiveness of the validity framework itself.     

Use of the analytic hierarchy process in ergonomic analysis

The paper deals with the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in decision making and conflict resolution for ergonomic evaluation. The procedure is illustrated through the selection of Manual Materials Handling Guidelines by comparing NIOSH standards with European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) lifting guidelines. Based on 11 criteria proposed by Frievalds (1987), the NIOSH Lifting Guidelines have been found to better represent sagittal two-handed lifting than the ECSC guidelines. The implications of the adaptation of the procedure are briefly discussed.     

Development and validation of a computer expertise questionnaire for older adults

Prior computer expertise represents one of the most important predictors of performance when interacting with ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and acquiring computer skills. Due to demographic changes, the older adult will become increasingly important as a potential user. However, there is a lack of instruments for the assessment of computer expertise in older adults, especially for novice users with restricted prior computer knowledge. A computer expertise (CE) questionnaire for older adults was developed, analysed (Study I) and validated (Study II). Item-analysis showed that the CE-questionnaire is particularly appropriate for the computer knowledge level of older adults and measures computer expertise sufficiently. Furthermore, it was found that computer experience (in terms of frequency of computer usage) is a poor predictor of actual computer performance, which has important implications for the theoretical conceptualization of computer expertise and its assessment.     

Development and validation of a computer expertise questionnaire for older adults

Prior computer expertise represents one of the most important predictors of performance when interacting with ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and acquiring computer skills. Due to demographic changes, the older adult will become increasingly important as a potential user. However, there is a lack of instruments for the assessment of computer expertise in older adults, especially for novice users with restricted prior computer knowledge. A computer expertise (CE) questionnaire for older adults was developed, analysed (Study I) and validated (Study II). Item-analysis showed that the CE-questionnaire is particularly appropriate for the computer knowledge level of older adults and measures computer expertise sufficiently. Furthermore, it was found that computer experience (in terms of frequency of computer usage) is a poor predictor of actual computer performance, which has important implications for the theoretical conceptualization of computer expertise and its assessment.     

KR—939监控系统在工业凉水塔风机中的应用

介绍了ＫＲ－９３９监控系统在工业凉水塔风机中的应用，该系统成本低、测点多、可靠性高，解决了风机运行检测手段不完善、安全系数低等问题，具有较高的实用价值。     

PLC上位机监控系统的设计

本文以OMRON C200HE系列PLC为例讲述了如何用VB6.0设计上位机监控软件，并通过串行通信口与PLC进行数据交换。     

Validation of a recording system for computer pointing device activity

This study reports on the development of the pointing device activity monitoring software, Mlog, which is used to assess elements of computer use such as pointing device use time. The Mlog monitoring program was written with Virtual C++ and is 1.59 MB in size. It is applicable for computers equipped with computer processing units (CPUs) of 1 GHz or faster, and records pointing device activity at the millisecond level. The accuracy, precision, and reliability of the Mlog monitoring program were tested by comparing Mlog-recorded activity time intervals, for example, the time interval between pressing and releasing the pointing device key, against oscilloscope-recorded pointing device electric signals. For most tested time intervals, the Mlog monitoring program's margin of error for accuracy was within ±0.50%, and it boasted precision error rate of less than 1.00%. Correlation coefficients between the Mlog recordings and the references were all greater than 0.99905, with the highest values observed for dragging actions. For most tested time intervals, the results of the reliability test showed that their intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.95, with few less than 0.90 for those with relatively longer tested time intervals. Linear regression analyses indicated that the pointing device clicking action time intervals recorded by the Mlog monitoring program were very close to the reference values and not affected by CPU speed and memory capacity, computer system loadings of software programs in operation, or types of pointing device key action. In conclusion, the Mlog monitoring program was validated as an accurate tool for monitoring pointing device activity during computer work. Future study is warranted to examine the influences of idle time threshold for electronic activity monitoring, passive computer tasks, and job type on the performance of the program in field studies.

Relevance to industry

The Mlog monitoring program was validated as accurate in measuring pointing device activity during computer work, providing an indirect and supplemental exposure indices for those traditional ergonomic measurements for physical loading assessment.     

Development and validation of a computer attitude measure for young students (CAMYS)

An important aspect in successfully implementing instructional technology in educational settings is user acceptance, which is greatly influenced by users’ attitudes towards computers. Today, computers have become an integral part of instruction at all levels of education and it is important for educators and policy makers to understand how various factors interact with the user’s characteristics to influence the teaching and learning process involving the use of computers. Over the years, many scales have been developed to measure computer attitudes of secondary students and adults. Few have been develop to be used for students in the primary schools. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a computer attitude measure for young students (CAMYS). The revised 12-item CAMYS was piloted with 256 students aged 10–12 with a mean of 11.9 years (SD = 0.31). Several statistical analyses were performed to assess the reliability and validity of the measure. The measure, together with suggestions for administration and scoring are included.     

Selection of a cleaning system for engine maintenance based on the analytic hierarchy process

Environmental impact assessment is an intrinsically complex multi-dimensional process which involves multiple criteria and multiple actors. Multi-criteria methods can serve as useful decision aids for carrying out environmental impact assessment. This paper proposes the use of a multi-criteria technique, namely the analytic hierarchy process, as a potential decision-making method for use in management maintenance processes. In this case, our problem concerns the selection of a parts cleaning system for diesel engine maintenance. A hierarchical structure is built for the prequalification of the criteria and the alternatives within the system. By applying the analytic hierarchical process, the criteria can be prioritized and the alternatives can be organized in descending order so that the best parts cleaning system may be selected.     

The calibration and validation of a hybrid simulation/regression model of a batch computer system

Calibration and validation are two stages in the development of a performance model of a computer system during which the degree of confidence in the model is established. This paper describes a case study of the calibration and validation of a hybrid simulation/regression Load Adjusting Model of a batch computer system. During calibration, a given workload trace was applied to the Load Adjusting Model and the parameters of the model were adjusted using an iterative tuning procedure. During validation, the parameters of the model, established during calibration, were kept constant and the model was tested using different workload traces.     

Gompertz software reliability model: Estimation algorithm and empirical validation

Gompertz curve has been used to estimate the number of residual faults in testing phases of software development, especially by Japanese software development companies. Since the Gompertz curve is a deterministic function, the curve cannot be applied to estimating software reliability which is the probability that software system does not fail in a prefixed time period. In this article, we propose a stochastic model called the Gompertz software reliability model based on non-homogeneous Poisson processes. The proposed model can be derived from the statistical theory of extreme-value, and has a similar asymptotic property to the deterministic Gompertz curve. Also, we develop an EM algorithm to determine the model parameters effectively. In numerical examples with software failure data observed in real software development projects, we evaluate performance of the Gompertz software reliability model in terms of reliability assessment and failure prediction.     

服装用模块化计算机系统设计

针对计算机与服装一体化集成设计中系统结构和功能融合方面的问题,研究服装用模块化计算机系统的设计与实现。将服装用穿戴计算机系统的问题归纳为可靠性、集成性、人机交互性能等三个方面,为实现该系统,提出了模块化的计算机结构和三层的服装结构,通过高密度布线实现计算机模块的微小型化,基于织物编织技术的织物线缆设计实现了模块间的柔性互联。     

用例模型与装配式软件系统的开发

用例是获取需求的主要工具，用例模型成了与用户交流的手段。装配式软件是一种能提高软件适应性和生命力的系统，它是建立在基于组件的工程基础之上，以便系统维护时可以按组件装配、拆卸和替换。讨论了用例模型中的用例如何与组件建立映射关系，并给出装配式软件开发的具体过程。     

软件确认测试概述

软件确认测试在软件测试生命周期中占有重要地位。尽管在整个开发过程中经历了各种测试和检验,但是,在其正式发布和投入运行之前仍必需通过正式的和系统全面的测试,来确认其是否符合需求。本文介绍了软件确认测试的主要测试内容及活动,分析了确认测试在软件开发过程中的作用和地位,归纳了确认测试的基本测试模型,总结了确认测试的基本测试过程和方法。     

航天型号软件生存周期模型选择指南

文中首先阐述了有关生存周期模型的基本概念,简要介绍4个已在国内外航天界得到成功应用的典型生存周期模型：瀑布模型、增量模型、进化模型和基于软件包的生存周期模型,分别给出了这4个生存周期模型的优点、缺点、适用情况以及各生存周期阶段的主要产品和里程碑评审,最后给出选择航天型号软件生存周期模型的基本原则。