融合颜色特征和对比度特征的图像显著性检测

图像显著性检测能够获取一幅图像的视觉显著性区域,是计算机视觉的研究热点之一。提出一种结合颜色特征和对比度特征的图像显著性检测方法。首先构造图像在HSV空间的颜色函数以获取图像颜色特征;然后使用SLIC超像素分割算法对图像进行预处理,基于超像素块的对比度特征计算图像显著性;最后将融合颜色特征和对比度特征的显著图经过导向滤波优化形成最终的显著图。使用本文算法在公开数据集MSRA-1000上进行图像显著性检测,并与其他6种算法进行比较。实验结果表明本文算法结合了图像像素点和像素块的信息,检测的图像显著性区域轮廓更加完整,优于其他方法。     

基于超像素多特征融合的快速图像分割算法

为了提高高分辨率图像分割效率,解决复杂图案中待分割目标边缘附近前景与背景区分度小而造成的分割目标不完整问题,本文通过引入超像素HOG特征,提出了一种基于超像素多特征融合（superpixel multi-feature fusion,SMFF）的快速图像分割算法.首先采用目前最有效的超像素算法对待分割图像进行超像素预分割,然后提取基于超像素的HOG特征、Lab颜色特征和空间位置特征,设计基于超像素的多特征度量算法,最终采用图割理论实现了基于超像素多特征融合的快速图像分割.实验结果验证了本文算法的有效性,其算法性能接近于目前最经典图像分割算法,且本文算法的时间性能要明显优于其它对比算法.     

一种复杂背景下的电力设备红外图像分割方法

针对背景复杂的电力设备红外图像分割问题,提出一种新的分割方法。该方法运用线性谱聚类算法(LSC)对图像做超像素分割,将颜色、距离相似的像素聚类至同一个中心;利用在全局图像基础上计算所得的Otsu阈值对各超像素块做背景预标记,并利用最大相似度区域合并算法(MSRM)对超像素块进行合并,在得到目标设备的同时,有效降低了过分割和欠分割率;最后运用数学形态学算法对图像做后处理,在保证设备特征的前提下提高目标设备分割精度。实验表明,在复杂背景下与其他算法相比,该方法可得到更为准确、完整的目标设备。     

背景自适应的多特征融合的弱小目标检测

针对红外复杂背景下的弱小目标检测难题,提出一种基于背景自适应的多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小目标的检测算法。首先,通过对红外图像进行空域滤波去除孤立噪声点,并利用恒虚警率分割消除大面积平稳背景,获得疑似目标集。然后融合红外图像的背景信息、弱小运动目标的灰度特征、目标与周围像素的方向梯度特征等多个典型特征,消除疑似目标集中的大部分假目标,最后运用运动特征获取真实目标的轨迹,最终实现复杂背景下的红外弱小目标的检测。实验表明:该算法能实现复杂背景下低信噪比的红外弱小目标快速检测,具有检测概率高,算法速度快,鲁棒性好的特点。     

基于Facet模型与方向相对极差的红外小目标检测方法

在对Facet模型的方向导数特征进行研究的基础上,针对红外弱小目标提出了一种利用局部方向相对极差计算显著性的方法,以快速有效地提取复杂背景下的红外弱小目标。基于弱小目标单帧检测理论,首先计算原始图像的Facet方向导数特征,然后在Facet方向导数特征图的局部内,沿着导数方向计算相对极差对比度显著图。通过对各个方向上的相对极差对比度显著图进行融合得到最终的显著性图像。最后,采用适当的阈值分割从该图像中提取目标。实验结果表明,本文算法对复杂红外弱小目标图像具有很高的信杂比增益和背景抑制因子。另外,该算法的计算复杂度低且可利用二维卷积加速计算,具有良好的算法实时性,适用于各种处理器平台的工程实现。     

融合改进FT显著性与Grabcut的图像目标分割算法

针对目前复杂度较大的图像中目标分割速度较慢、显著性边界分割不明确等问题,提出了一种融合改进的FT（Frequency-tuned）显著性检测与Grabcut的图像分割算法。该算法首先通过改进基于频率调谐的FT显著性检测方法得到图像中显著性较高的区域,并利用SLIC（Simple Linear Iterative Clustering）算法对显著图进行预处理得到超像素图,能够有效改善边界的分割效果,然后通过以图论GraphCut算法为基础改进的Grabcut算法建立高斯混合模型。为了提高算法效率,通过聚类以超像素代替原像素,并反复迭代高斯混合模型（Gaussian Mixed Model,GMM）参数,最后利用最大流最小割算法得到最优目标分割结果。实验结果表明所提算法能够更准确更高效率地分割图像中的显著性目标,对高分辨率图像也有很好的适用效果,相比于其他算法在分割精度上提高10%左右,并具有较高的分割效率。     

基于SVM和背景模型的显著性目标检测算法

针对显著性目标多样性和不确定性,机器学习算法无法检测没有先验信息的图像问题,提出了一种基于图像边缘信息构建背景模型结合SVM分类算法的显著性目标检测算法.该方法对输入图像进行超像素预处理,使像素级转化为超像素级,既抑制噪声,又提高了计算效率.利用图像边缘超像素构建图像的初始背景模型,得到初始显著图.基于SVM算法建立目...     

融合高低层多特征的显著性检测算法

针对单一显著性特征无法全面表达图像显著性致使显著性检测精度不高等问题，本文提出了一种多特征融合的显著性检测算法。算法在高层先验知识基础上，对靠近中心的超像素设置高显著值，利用高斯分布求解中心先验；在底层特征上融合图像的边界稀疏、全局对比度、颜色空间分布和超级像素差异等4种显著特征，利用类间差异最大阈值对高低层特征进行线性和非线性融合，最终得到高质量的显著图。在MSRA-1000、SED、SOD 3个公开的数据集上进行实验，结果表明：本文算法融合得到的显著图边缘清晰、显著区域突出均匀，在有效抑制背景信息的同时所得显著图像视觉感知更好，与其他显著性算法相比查全率和查准率上至少提高3.4%。     

低虚警率的红外弱小目标检测算法

针对远距离复杂场景下红外弱小目标信噪比低导致目标检测虚警率高的问题,提出了一种时域与空域滤波相融合的红外弱小目标检测方法。采用相对局部对比度算法(Relative Local Contrast Measure,RLCM)增强目标信噪比,抑制高亮度背景;利用目标的时空相关性,运用时域局部差分算法(Temporal Local Difference Algorithm,TLCD)增强目标,消除固定噪点。融合空域和时域的检测结果获得时空相对局部对比度图(Spatial Temporal Relative Local Contrast Map,STRLCM),通过自适应阈值分割提取待检测的真实目标。实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,所提算法可以极大地降低虚警率同时保持较高的检测效果。     

基于光谱尺度空间与管道滤波的红外目标检测

为了准确地从复杂干扰背景下检测出真实弱小目标,本文引入视觉显著性,设计了基于快速光谱尺度空间与动态管道滤波的红外目标检测算法。基于真实目标与背景内容之间的整体差异,引入快速光谱尺度空间与阈值分割技术,设计视觉显著性机制,对红外图像完成处理,输出全局显著性映射,以高效过滤干扰背景内容。考虑目标与背景的局部特征差异,构建自适应局部对比度增强机制,对粗检测结果实施处理,获取对应的局部显著性映射,改善视觉显著性区域内目标的对比度。引入高斯差分理论,通过估算每一帧红外图像中的目标像素直径,形成动态管道滤波,充分消除虚警,准确识别出弱小目标。多组实验数据显示：较已有的红外目标检测技术而言,在各种不同的复杂背景干扰下,所提算法呈现出更好的检测能力,拥有更理想的接收机工作特性(ROC)曲线。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.