激光熔覆制备Fe-Mo-Ni-Si-B非晶纳米晶复合涂层的性能

利用激光熔覆技术在45钢上制备Fe-Mo-Ni-Si-B涂层,并进行激光重熔处理。借助光学光学显微镜、环境扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对涂层的组织结构进行研究,并利用维氏硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学工作站等设备分析了重熔前后涂层的显微硬度、摩擦磨损及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:利用激光熔覆技术能够在45钢上获得冶金结合良好的Fe-Mo-Ni-Si-B非晶纳米晶复合涂层。熔覆层由晶体相和非晶相混合组成,主要的晶体相包括Fe Si、Fe2B、Fe Ni、Fe3Mo及Fe单质。经过重熔处理后,熔覆层组织细化,晶粒更为细小,非晶相比例提高。熔覆层的硬度可达到1007 HV0.1,而重熔层硬度略提高到1076 HV0.1,与基体相比,都提高了5~6倍;与基体相比,熔覆层的耐磨性和耐蚀性得以提高,其中重熔层更是表现出优异的耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

激光熔覆Fe-W合金涂层的组织及性能

以纯钨粉末为熔覆材料,采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术,在Q235A钢表面制备了Fe-W合金耐磨涂层.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱（EDS）对熔覆层的显微组织进行了分析,用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性进行了测试.结果表明,熔覆层与基底冶金结合,无明显裂纹或气孔,涂层内部由致密的粗大树枝状和短棒状Fe7W6增强相以及弥散分布的细小颗粒状Fe2W相组成,其均匀分布在α-Fe固溶体中.熔覆层平均硬度700 HV,为基材Q235A钢的3.5倍,同时耐磨性能也得到了显著提高.     

激光熔覆制备Fe-Ti-Mo-C系复合涂层

采用钛铁、钼铁和石墨为激光熔覆粉末,利用激光多道搭接熔覆技术在碳钢基体上制备Fe-Ti-Mo-C复合涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、电子探针对涂层的相结构和显微组织进行了研究.用显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机,对涂层的硬度和耐磨性能进行测试.结果表明,涂层中原位生成了(Ti,Mo)C复合碳化物.(Ti,Mo)C呈面心立方结构,晶格常数略小于TiC晶粒.随着原材料中钼铁加入量的增加,涂层显微组织由铁素体、珠光体向马氏体转变,显微硬度和耐磨性增加,但抗裂性能降低.     

Microstructure and properties of in-situ chromium carbide composite coating by laser cladding

Using Ni/Cr/graphite powder blends as raw powders,a Ni matrix composite coating reinforced by in-situ carbide,was fabricated on the surface of Q235 by means of laser cladding. These microstructure and properties were discussed. The result of phase analysis( XRD) and microstructure investigation( SEM) showed that the coatings consist mainly of Cr_3 C_2,Cr_7 C_3 and γ-( Ni,Cr),which are consistent with the thermodynamic calculations. The wear morphology of the coatings was also examined. The results of dry sliding wear tests of different Cr/C ratio show that the wear resistances of the Cr_3 C_2-reinforced coating,respectively,are 13. 4,9. 5,9. 1 and 6. 5 times higher than that of the substrate and the main wear mechanisms of the coatings are adhesion and abrasive wear with slight oxidation.     

H13钢表面TiC/Co基激光修复层的显微组织与力学性能

采用激光熔覆技术在H13热作模具钢表面分别制备了Co50合金涂层和TiC/Co基复合涂层.借助XRD,SEM与显微硬度计对比分析了涂层与基材的结合状态、涂层物相组成、截面组织形貌和显微硬度分布.结果表明,Co50合金涂层和TiC/Co基复合涂层均与H13钢基材呈良好冶金结合特征.Co50合金涂层主要由初生γ-Co枝晶及其间的共晶组织组成,而TiC/Co基复合涂层主要由TiC颗粒、枝晶及细小的共晶组织组成,其组成相除含有TiC,TiCo₃和Cr₂Ni₃外,还有Cr-Ni-Fe-C等相.涂层截面显微硬度分布表明,TiC/Co基复合涂层截面平均显微硬度明显高于Co50合金涂层,分别为5520 MPa和4990 MPa,分别是H13钢基材的2.7和2.4倍.     

激光熔覆Fe-Ti-B复合材料涂层的组织

选用合适的激光工艺参数及涂层成分,利用激光熔覆工艺在45料涂层.远离平衡态的激光表面处理工艺使涂层中原位析出了一定数量的不同于稳定相的亚稳定相.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对涂层的显微组织及相结构进行了研究.结果表明:涂层中主要含有呈块状、条状、颗粒状或团絮状分布的Fe2B(Fe3B)/α-Fe和TiB2(TiB)/α-Fe低熔点共晶或离异共晶组织;原位共晶相析出时与基体保持某种最合理的空间取向,在α-Fe基体与原位析出相界面上存在隐约可见的位错堆积.     

激光熔覆Al0.1CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层的组织和性能

采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢表面制备了Al_0.1CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层。结果表明,涂层具有单相FCC结构,涂层与基材结合处组织为柱状晶,其他区域为等轴晶;涂层截面显微硬度最高可达560.2 HV0.5,约为基体硬度的2.5倍。涂层表现出明显优于基材的抗热冲击性能。在600 ℃和800 ℃下分别循环50次后涂层均未产生裂纹,但是在1000 ℃高温下循环7次后,基体断裂,而涂层及涂层与基体结合处并没有明显的裂纹。涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均低于基材,分析表明涂层以氧化磨损为主,而基材的磨损机理为氧化磨损伴随疲劳磨损的混合机制。     

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 components built by laser cladding

Laser-cladding process is one of the most relevant new processes in the industry due to the particular properties of the processed parts. The main users of this process are aeronautical turbine parts manufacturers and engineering maintenance services. The main advantage of laser-cladding process is the possibility of obtaining high quality material deposition on complex parts. Thus, laser cladding can be applied in the repair of high added-value and safety critical parts. This ability is especially useful for high-cost parts that present wears or local damage due to operating conditions. Different types of parts can be processed, such as housings, blades or even complete turbine rotors. Once the parts are repaired by laser cladding, they can be reassembled on the engine, reducing lead times. Laser-cladding process can permit buildup of complex geometries on previously forged or machined parts, such as stubs or flanges.However, one of the main drawbacks of the laser-cladding process currently is lack of knowledge on the properties of the deposited material. Most of the available data relate to the microstructure and the final hardness values. Nevertheless, there are few data of the mechanical properties of the parts. Moreover, it is difficult to gather data related to the influence of the laser-cladding parameters and strategies on the mechanical behaviour of a part.This paper presents the mechanical properties of a series of samples builtup by laser cladding. Two different types of specimens are tested: first, hybrid parts, in which laser cladding deposits materials built up layer-by-layer onto a substrate and the resulting part is a combination of deposited material and the substrate and second, complete rapid manufactured test samples. The results of tensile tests on various parts show that the laser-cladding strategy has a significant influence on their stress-strain curves. In addition, the laser-cladding process can result in a high directionality of their mechanical properties. The direction depends on the particular strategy in use. The study demonstrates that these properties present high anisotropy, a factor that should be carefully considered when selecting the most appropriate laser-cladding strategy.     

激光熔覆FeCoCrNiNb高熵合金涂层组织及力学性能

采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢表面制备了FeCoCrNi、FeCoCrNiNb等摩尔比高熵合金熔覆层,研究了Nb元素对熔覆层组织及性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、纳米压痕测试和干滑动摩擦磨损实验等方法,详细分析了2种高熵合金熔覆层的相组成、组织演变、纳米硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明：FeCoCrNiNb高熵合金熔覆层相组成为fcc固溶体及富Nb-Laves相。FeCoCrNiNb熔覆层的纳米硬度(H)、弹性模量(E)、H/E和H³/E²分别为6.066 GPa、231.54 GPa、0.0262和0.0042,远高于FeCoCr Ni熔覆层的3.456 GPa、209.48 GPa、0.0165和0.000 94。随着纳米硬度的增加,FeCoCrNiNb熔覆层的摩擦系数和比磨损率也随之降低,分别为0.519和2.54×10^-6mm³/(N·m)。综上所述,FeCoCrNiNb高熵合金熔覆层具有良好的纳米硬度和耐磨性。     

钢表面激光熔覆Ti-Al球磨粉合成复合涂层

为提高钢的表面硬度及耐腐蚀性,选用钛,铝机械球磨粉末在Q235钢基体表面进行激光熔覆试验,使钛,铝发生反应并制备Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层. 综合运用DTA、XRD和SEM分析方法对激光熔覆涂层的成分与组织进行分析,并对复合涂层的硬度及耐腐蚀性进行测试. 结果表明,机械球磨可使粉体细化,涂层与基体形成了冶金结合,涂层由Al₃Ti,Al₃Fe,Fe,AlN和FeO组成,同时激光熔覆涂层具有较高的硬度及优良的耐腐蚀性能. 当激光功率为1000 W,扫描速度为600 mm/min时,复合涂层同时获得最高显微硬度和耐腐蚀阻抗值,分别为949.5 HV和600 kΩ.     

Microstructure and wear properties of TiC/FeCrBSi surface composite coating prepared by laser cladding

Titanium carbide particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding using a 5 kW CO₂ laser. The microstructure, phase structure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, as well as dry sliding wear test. The results showed that TiC carbides were formed via in situ reaction between ferrotitanium and graphite in the molten pool during the laser-clad process. The morphology of TiC is mainly cubic and dendritic form; and the TiC carbides were distributed uniformly in the composite coating. The TiC/matrix interface was found to be free from cracks and deleterious phases. The coatings reinforced by TiC particles revealed higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than that of the substrate and FeCrBSi laser-clad coating.     

Effect of power on microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi composite coating

A laser clad NiCrBSi composite coating was fabricated on the surface of 42CrMo steel using 6?kW fibre laser. The morphology and composition of the composite coating formed under different powers were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The microhardness and wear resistance were measured with a MICROMET-5103 digital microhardness tester and a MM-200 ring-block wear testing machine, respectively. The results showed that the cladding layer and the substrate have good metallurgical bonding. The microstructure nearing the fusion line is a columnar grain and that of the cladding layer is mainly a cellular grain. The main phases of the laser cladding layer are γ-Ni, (Fe,Ni), M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ and CrB. The dilution rate of the laser cladding layer increased with the increase of laser power. The microhardness of the cladding layers decreased with the increase of laser power, and wear resistance of the cladding layer first increased and then decreased with the increase of laser power. When the laser power was 2000?W, the wear resistance of the composite coating was at its highest.     

激光熔覆制备颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层的组织结构

利用横流CO2激光器在45钢表面制备出原位自生TiB2陶瓷颗粒增强Ni基复合材料涂层。XRD分析表明,涂层中存在γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体及TiB2为主的陶瓷相。利用SEM、EDS、EPMA对涂层微区组织结构进行研究。结果表明,涂层内枝晶组织细小均匀,枝晶内和枝晶间存在明显的组织和成分差异。热影响区是以混合马氏体为主的组织。涂层显微硬度比基体显著提高。     

激光熔覆原位自生WxC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层

以Ni25、WO3、Al、石墨混合粉体为预制合金材料,采用YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在45钢表面原位合成了WxC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）对涂层显微组织、相组成以及硬质颗粒的分布进行了观察、分析。结果表明,在高能激光辐照下,可以获得WC、W2C、W3C、Cr7C3弥散分布的多元硬质相增强的镍基复合涂层。WxC颗粒尺寸小于200 nm。涂层组织致密、无裂纹和孔洞等缺陷,与基体间有良好的冶金结合。涂层的显微硬度最高可达900 HV0.2,为45钢基体的4.5倍。     

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite composite coating by laser cladding

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite (CNTs/HA) composite coatings have been fabricated by laser cladding technique using CNTs/HA composite powders. As the feedstock for laser deposition, CNTs/HA composite powders were prepared by ball-milling different weight ratios (1%, 3% and 5%) of CNTs with HA powders. CNTs/HA composite coatings were fabricated with CNTs/HA composite powders and functionally graded coating was fabricated by sequentially depositing different CNTs/HA composite coatings on pure titanium. The phase composition, microstructure, micro-hardness, bonding strength and in vitro cellular responses of the composite coatings and the functionally graded composite coating were studied. The results show that the crystallinity of CNTs/HA composite coatings increased with increasing amount of CNTs in the powder mixture. The CNTs were dispersed homogeneously in the coatings to form an interconnected web and the cylinder graphic structure of CNTs was not changed after laser irradiation. Compared with pure HA coating, the maximum increase of the micro-hardness of CNTs/HA composite coatings was 46.8% and the micro-hardness of the functionally graded coating increased gradually through the thickness of this coating. Furthermore, the bonding strength of the functionally graded coating was nearly twice higher than that of pure HA coating. The in vitro cellular biocompatibility tests reveal that the functionally graded composite coating has comparable in vitro bioactivity with pure HA coating.     

激光熔覆原位自生TiC颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层的组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢表面制备出原位自生TiC颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对熔覆层组织、成分和物相进行了分析,并测试了熔覆层显微硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明,激光熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层中无裂纹、气孔等缺陷.涂层组织由γ-Ni、Cr7C3和TiC等相组成,原位自生TiC颗粒多呈菱形,尺寸在1～3μm之间,涂层显微硬度(800～1000 HV0.2)明显高于基体的显微硬度(300 HV0.2).激光熔覆层中存在颗粒强化和细晶强化等多种强化作用,显著提高了H13钢的耐磨性能.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated by laser micro cladding deposition

Laser micro cladding deposition manufacturing(Ll CDM) is a newly developed rapid manufacturing method for metals.The Ll CDM technology adopts a novel powder feeding method based on alternating friction and inertia force, and this powder feeding method can effectively improve the accuracy and orientation of the powder injection, resulting in a smaller molten pool size and a higher cooling rate of liquid metal.Therefore, the components fabricated by Ll CDM could obtain the finer microstructures and the improved mechanical properties.It is found that the components fabricated by Ll CDM are fully dense free of cracks or pores and exhibit columnar prior b grains with a finer acicular a0 phase microstructure.The microhardness(HV0.2) of the thin-wall component is HV 400–HV 500 in the majority part of the cross section and can reach about HV 850 in the top region.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation show insignificant dependence on the testing directions of the tensilespecimens.The UTS is between 1,002 and 1,100 MPa, and the elongation is between 10.0 % and 14.7 %.     

电火花沉积与激光熔覆复合涂层的组织与性能

采用激光熔覆工艺和电火花沉积工艺在Q235钢上熔覆铁基合金粉末和WC陶瓷硬质合金,形成复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等对复合涂层的相结构、显微组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能进行了分析.结果表明:复合涂层主要是由Fe3W3C、Co3W3C、Si2W、W2C和(Fe0.51Mn0.46 Ni0.03)6C等相组成;复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,复合涂层中电火花区域中细小的硬质相弥散分布于沉积层中;复合涂层的厚度为140～160 μm,其中电火花沉积区域约为40μm,激光熔覆工艺的涂层厚度为100～120 μm;电火花沉积层的硬度最高可达1262.9 HV,平均硬度为1151.6 HV,电火花沉积区域与激光熔覆区域之间的过渡区域的显微硬度为884.8 HV,激光熔覆区域的显微硬度平均值为578.3 HV;复合涂层的耐磨性较基体耐磨性提高2.3倍,强化层的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损.     

激光熔覆原位合成Cop/Cu复合涂层

采用激光熔覆快速凝固技术,原位合成了C为p/Cu复合材料涂层,应用扫描电镜及能谱附件研究了激光工艺参数对涂层显微组织的影响.结果表明,激光熔池大的过冷度条件,有利于Cu-Co合金的液相分离.在优化的激光熔覆工艺条件下.可原位合成表面光滑、均匀连续的致密Cop/Cu复合涂层,涂层组织由大量细小的均匀分布在铜基固溶体基体上的富γ-Co球形颗粒组成.随着热输入的降低,颗粒相的尺寸得到细化.对Cop/Cu复合涂层组织的形成和细化机理进行了分析.     

激光熔覆制备颗粒增强铁基复合涂层中马氏体亚结构

通过在Fe-C-Si-B粉末体系中添加强碳化物形成元素Ti的方法,激光熔覆制备了原位合成颗粒增强铁基复合涂层.用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其微观组织进行了研究,重点分析了激光熔覆过程中马氏体的形成和亚结构的转变.结果表明,熔覆层无气孔和裂纹、组织均匀,是一种典型的亚共晶组织,由马氏体、莱氏体、残留奥氏体和原位生成的TiC颗粒组成.涂层中的马氏体是{211},<113>系片状孪晶马氏体,二次回火效应使得马氏体中析出了大量的具有纳米尺度的渗碳体,与马氏体具有一定的取向关系.