UHMWPE与橡胶共混水润滑轴承摩擦磨损性能试验研究

为改善丁腈橡胶水润滑轴承的摩擦学性能，以丁腈橡胶为基体，通过添加不同量的超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）粉末（分别为丁腈橡胶量的12%、50%、100%）制得3种复合材料；分析不同复合材料的结构，研究其在水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损特性，并与纯丁腈橡胶和纯UHMWPE材料进行对比。结果表明：制备的UHMWPE与丁腈橡胶复合材料中，UHMWPE以分散相的形式分布在丁腈橡胶基体中，分布较为均匀；UHMWPE的加入提高了丁腈橡胶材料的自润滑性能，其中UHMWPE的添加量为丁腈橡胶的50%和100%时复合材料在低速时的摩擦因数明显减小；UHMWPE的加入提高了丁腈橡胶基体的硬度，改善了复合材料摩擦表面的挤压变形，使得复合材料的磨损量有所降低。研究表明，一定添加量的UHMWPE添加量可明显改善丁腈橡胶水润滑轴承的摩擦学性能，其最佳添加量为丁腈橡胶的50%。     

二硫化钼改性水润滑尾轴承摩擦磨损性能研究

以橡塑复合材料为基体,将纳米和普通二硫化钼添加到基体材料中,制备一种水润滑橡塑复合尾轴承材料。通过试验探究复合轴承材料在不同载荷和转速下的摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明:在相同载荷下,复合材料摩擦因数随着转速的升高先逐渐降低并最终趋于稳定,在相同转速下,复合材料摩擦因数随着载荷的升高而逐渐降低;复合材料摩擦因数随着二硫化钼添加量的增加先降低后升高,且纳米复合轴承材料的摩擦因数都要低于普通复合材料;二硫化钼改善了材料的摩擦性能,但没有改善材料的耐磨性;改性复合材料的磨损形式属于黏着和磨粒磨损。     

高温、水介质下GH05轴承材料摩擦磨损性能*

高温、水介质润滑环境下轴承用高温无磁合金GH05材料的性质会发生转变,影响其磨损系数,进而影响轴承磨损性能,导致轴承振动噪声加剧。利用高温摩擦磨损试验机开展高温、水介质润滑下高温无磁合金GH05材料的摩擦磨损试验,分析温度、载荷、润滑对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,获取关键性能参数,为特殊工况和润滑条件下的轴承寿命评估提供试验数据。结果表明：对于轴承用材料高温无磁合金GH05,在高温300 ℃时的摩擦因数约为0.53,在水介质润滑条件下的摩擦因数约为0.35;相比于常温25 ℃下摩擦因数,高温300 ℃环境下摩擦因数波动范围小,稳定性更强;相比于干摩擦状态,水介质润滑条件下摩擦因数小,稳定性好;随着温度的升高,无磁合金材料GH05的耐磨性降低;相同试验载荷下,无磁合金材料GH05在高温300 ℃干摩擦条件下的磨损体积最大,在常温水介质润滑条件下磨损体积最小。高温无磁合金材料GH05的磨损系数在高温300 ℃干摩擦条件下取值范围为1.93×〖JP〗10-7~3.02×10-7mm2/N。     

泥沙条件下改性复合材料减振降噪性能研究

为了改善水润滑轴承材料热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）的减振降噪性能,以TPU为基体、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为添加剂,通过物理共混的方式制备PTFE/TPU改性复合材料。在RTEC摩擦磨损实验机上模拟泥沙工况,对复合材料进行不同速度和载荷下的摩擦学试验,通过分析复合材料的力学性能、摩擦因数、表面形貌以及振动噪声行为,探讨其摩擦磨损规律与减振降噪性能。结果表明：复合材料的拉伸强度和邵氏硬度均随着PTFE含量的增加而先增加后降低,质量分数8%PTFE改性TPU复合材料表现出最好的力学性能;随着速度与载荷的增大,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐增大,材料表面损伤、变形、剥落等严重损伤逐渐增多;与纯TPU相比,改性复合材料的摩擦磨损剧烈程度更低,摩擦因数的变化幅度较小且摩擦因数曲线相对光滑,材料微观表面的损伤更少;随着速度与载荷的增大,复合材料的振动响应与辐射噪声现象增大,振动与噪声信号的平均强度增大,频域上的频率分量增多,幅值分量增大,主频向高频转移;PTFE能够改善TPU的摩擦学性能,降低摩擦因数,同时赋予复合材料一定的减振降噪性能,并且效果在高速、高载荷下更为明显。     

模拟海洋环境下新型水润滑尾轴承材料摩擦性能研究

利用高密度聚乙烯与不同浓度愈创树脂混合制备系列新型水润滑尾轴承材料,在CBZ 1摩擦磨损试验机上考察其在模拟海洋环境下的摩擦性能,对比分析不同配比材料摩擦因数和磨损量以及磨损表面形貌的变化情况。结果表明,在高密度聚乙烯中加入适量的愈创树脂可很好地改善材料的自润滑性能,且随着愈创树脂含量的增加,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率先减小后增加,这是因为愈创树脂在摩擦过程中会因受热软化分泌出一定量的油脂,有助于摩擦副表面水膜的形成,从而提高材料的摩擦磨损性能;适量愈创树脂的加入可以有效降低材料的表面粗糙度,改善摩擦副的表面性能,从而提高材料的工作稳定性。     

润滑条件对纳米SiO2填充尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

利用MM-200磨损实验机在干摩擦、水润滑和油润滑等条件下，研究了润滑条件对含量为10％的纳米SiO2填充尼龙1010复合材料与45^#钢对磨时的摩擦学性能的影响，并利用扫描电子显微镜对纳米SiO2-PA1010复合材料的磨损表面和磨损机理进行了观察和分析。结果表明水润滑时，纳米SiO2-PA1010复合材料的摩擦因数比在干摩擦时有一定程度的降低，但磨损量却比干摩擦时增加了很多；而在油润滑时，摩擦因数和磨损量均比干摩擦和水润滑时降低了许多；复合材料的磨损机制也随着润滑条件的不同发生了相应的变化。     

改性UHMWPE水润滑轴承材料摩擦磨损性能研究

以超高分子量聚乙烯为基体,用纳米二硫化钼和氟橡胶对其进行改性,制备一种新型复合UHMWPE水润滑轴承材料。在轴系试验台SSB-100上,研究复合UHMWPE材料在不同转速下的摩擦磨损性能,并分析其磨损形貌。结果表明,采用纳米二硫化钼改性UHMWPE时并不能有效改善其摩擦性能;采用氟橡胶改性时UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦因数呈现整体下降、局部波动的趋势,并在氟橡胶质量分数为20%时摩擦因数最低;二硫化钼和氟橡胶协同改性UHMWPE材料的摩擦因数随着二硫化钼和氟橡胶含量的升高而逐渐下降,其中纳米二硫化钼质量分数为8%、氟橡胶质量分数为16%的材料摩擦性能和磨损性能都达到最优。     

凹凸棒土改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用原位聚合法制备凹凸棒土/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料,考察纳米复合材料的力学性能及在干摩擦、水润滑和油润滑3种情况下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌。结果表明:凹凸棒土质量分数为3%时,复合材料的拉伸强度最好,随着纳米颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率明显下降,而弹性模量一直呈现上升趋势;在干摩擦条件下,低含量的纳米颗粒有助于转移膜的形成,可以有效改善材料的摩擦性能;在水润滑下,由于水的溶胀和冷却作用,摩擦因数较干摩擦降低了一个数量级;在油润滑下,润滑油的流动性有助于纳米颗粒分布到整个摩擦表面,材料的摩擦因数及磨损率有明显降低,相比于干摩擦和水润滑的磨粒磨损,此时磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主。     

改性尼龙水润滑轴承摩擦学性能试验研究

针对舰艇推进系统用水润滑轴承低噪声设计需求,研制改性尼龙（PA）的轴承材料及轴承样机,利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机对改性PA材料样品进行摩擦学性能试验,并与丁腈橡胶和赛龙SXL材料的摩擦学性能进行对比;在水润滑轴承试验台上开展PA轴承样机转速特性试验和载荷特性试验,获取不同比压和转速下摩擦因数和振动特性数据。研究结果表明：与丁腈橡胶和赛龙SXL材料相比,改性PA材料具有摩擦因数小、磨损率低的优点;低转速下,水润滑轴承摩擦因数随转速增大而减小,随比压增大而增大,转速增加至100 r/min后,摩擦因数变化趋势逐渐减缓;在工作转速范围内改性PA材料水润滑轴承无异常摩擦振动和噪声。研究结果为舰艇低噪声水润滑艉轴承设计提供参考。     

水润滑硅基非氧化陶瓷摩擦学性能及其表面改性研究进展

综述了水润滑条件下硅基非氧化物陶瓷(Si3N4和SiC)摩擦学性能的研究状况,包括水润滑条件下其摩擦磨损特性以及其表面改性技术对其摩擦学性能的影响.硅基非氧化物陶瓷在水中显示出较低的摩擦因数以及良好的抗磨损能力;表面改性技术能有效地改善硅基非氧化陶瓷的水润滑摩擦磨损性能,离子注入技术是表面改性技术的一个重要发展趋势.     

UHMWPE基水润滑轴承摩擦及润滑特性的试验研究

针对纤维填料改性UHMWPE水润滑轴承的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。在平面摩擦磨损试验机上对玻璃纤维及碳纤维填料对UHMWPE复合材料摩擦性能进行试验,并分析GF-CF-UHMWPE材料与Thordon SXL材料在干摩擦、水润滑工况下的摩擦因数及磨损量。最后,采用径向水润滑轴承试验台对比研究了GF-CF-UHMWPE轴承和Thordon SXL轴承在不同载荷下摩擦因数随转速的变化规律。结果表明:纤维填料能显著增强UHMWPE的减摩性和耐磨性,GF-CF-UHMWPE材料具有更好的耐温性能,线性热膨胀系数也显著减小;GF-CF-UHMWPE轴承具有相同载荷下启动转速低,启动摩擦因数小的特性。     

添加剂对聚氨酯材料摩擦性能的影响

为改善聚氨酯水润滑轴承材料的性能,在聚氨酯预聚体中分别添加不同含量的润滑脂、消泡剂和合成蜡,制备3种聚氨酯复合材料;利用CBZ-1型船舶轴系摩擦磨损试验机测试复合材料在不同工况下的摩擦学性能,利用激光干涉位移表面轮廓仪和超景深显微镜观察不同聚氨酯复合材料对摩副的表面形貌,探讨材料在水润滑条件下的磨损机制。结果表明:润滑脂和消泡剂的添加提高了聚氨酯材料的稳定性,再添加合成蜡有效地改善其在高压工况下的润滑状态;在高压工况下,与纯聚氨酯材料对摩的铸铜盘磨损后出现犁沟现象,表现出磨粒磨损的特征并伴随着黏着磨损,而与复合聚氨酯材料对摩的铸铜盘磨损后仅出现黏着磨损的特征。润滑脂、消泡剂和合成蜡能有效提高聚氨酯材料的耐磨性以及降低对摩副的磨损损耗,从而提高了聚氨酯材料作为水润滑轴承的安全性和可靠性。     

铜包石墨含量对铜锰铝复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为改善铜锰铝合金的烧结性能,并提高其在干摩擦下的摩擦磨损性能,以铜包石墨作为自润滑相加入到铜锰铝合金中,采用等离子真空压力烧结方法制备铜锰铝/石墨复合材料,分析铜包石墨含量对复合材料的密度、硬度的影响,探讨不同复合材料在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:相比真空和氢气还原气氛下的烧结方式,等离子体烧结铜锰铝...     

Tribological properties of metal-plastic multilayer composites under oil lubricated conditions

Three kinds of metal-plastic multilayer composites, which were composed of a steel backing, a middle layer of sintered porous bronze and a surface layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled by Pb or Cu₂O powders, were prepared. The friction and wear properties as well as the limiting pressure times velocity (PV) values of these metal-plastic multilayer composites sliding against 45 carbon steel under both dry and oil lubricated conditions were evaluated on a MPV-1500 friction tester with a steel axis rotating on a journal bearing. The worn surfaces of these metal-plastic multilayer composites and the transfer films formed on the surface of steel axis were examined by electron probe microscopy analysis (EPMA). Experimental results show that filling of Pb to PTFE reduces the friction coefficient and wear of the composite, while filling of Cu₂O to PTFE increases the friction coefficient but decreases the wear of the composite. The friction and wear properties as well as the limiting PV values of these metal-plastic multilayer composites can be greatly improved with the oil lubrication. EPMA investigations show that Pb and Cu₂O fillers preferentially transfer onto the surfaces of steel axis, which may enhance or deteriorate the adhesion between transfer films and steel surfaces. Meanwhile the transfer of these metal-plastic multilayer composites onto the steel surface can be greatly reduced with oil lubrication, which results in the remarkable decrease of the wear of these metal-plastic multilayer composites.     

Friction and wear properties of metal powder filled PTFE composites under oil lubricated conditions

Four kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composite, pure PTFE, PTFE+30vol.%Cu, PTFE+30vol.%Pb and PTFE+30vol.%Ni composite, were prepared. The friction and wear properties of these metal powder filled PTFE composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and lubricated conditions were studied using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces of the PTFE composites and the transfer films formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy respectively. Experimental results show that the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites can be greatly improved by liquid paraffin lubrication. The wear of these PTFE composites can be decreased by at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared with that under dry friction conditions, while the friction coefficients can be decreased by 1 order of magnitude, SEM and optical microscopy investigations of the rubbing surfaces show that metal fillers of Cu, Pb and Ni not only raise the load carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, but also promote transfer of the PTFE composites onto the counterfaces, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of these PTFE composites onto the counterfaces can be greatly reduced by liquid paraffin lubrication, but transfer still takes place.     

Investigation on MoS2 and graphite coatings and their effects on the tribological properties of the radial spherical plain bearings

With constant enlargement of the application areas of the spherical plain bearings, higher quality lubrication of the bearings is required. To solve the lubricating problems of spherical plain bearings under high temperature, high vacuum, high speed, heavy loads and strong oxidation conditions, it is urgent for us to develop more excellent self-lubricating technologies. In this paper, the bonded solid lubricant coatings, which use inorganic phosphate as the binder, the mixture of MoS2 and graphite with two different weight proportions as the solid lubricant, are prepared by spraying under three different spray gun pressures. The bonding strength tests on the coatings show that the best spraying pressure is 0.2 MPa and the better mixing proportion of MoS2 to Graphite is 3:1. Then for the radial spherical plain bearings with steel/steel friction pair, after the coatings are made on the inner ring outer surfaces, the friction coefficient, the wear loss and the friction temperature of the bearings under four oscillating frequencies are investigated by a self-made tribo-tester. The test results, SEM of the worn morphologies and EDS of worn areas show that tribological properties of the bearing are obviously improved by the bonded solid lubricant coatings. When sprayed under the spray gun pressure of 0.2 MPa, the bearings have better anti-friction and anti-wear properties than those sprayed under 0.1 MPa and 0.3 MPa. Further as proved from the XPS analysis, between the coating with 3:1 mixing ratio of MoS2 to Graphite and the coating with 1:1 ratio, the former has less oxidation occurred on the surface and therefore has better tribological characteristics than the latter. This paper provides a reference to developing a new product of the radial spherical plain bearings with high bonding strength, oxidation resistance and abrasion resistance.     

Comparison of tribological characteristics between aluminum alloys and polytetrafluoroethylene composites journal bearings under mineral oil lubrication

This study examined the tribological behavior of journal bearings made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites and aluminum (Al) alloys. The PTFE composite journal bearings consisted of a steel backing with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a middle layer of sintered porous bronze with a thickness of 0.24～0.27 mm, and a surface layer of PTFE filled with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) powder and carbon fibers with a thickness 0.06～0.14 mm. The other was an aluminum alloy journal bearing consisted of a steel backing with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a surface layer of an Al-6Sn-6Si alloy with a thickness 0.35～0.75 mm. A series of lubrication tests were performed using a journal bearing tester under various normal loads. The tribological properties for each journal bearing were evaluated by measuring the lubricant oil temperature and friction coefficient as a function of the applied normal load. In addition, the chemical compositions and microstructures of the journal bearing materials used in this study was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The experimental results showed that the Al alloy journal bearings reduce the friction coefficient by 28 % compared to the PTFE composites bearings. In addition, the Al alloy journal bearing worked properly at the maximum load of ～ 8,000 N without adhesion. However, the PTFE composite journal bearings exhibited strong adhesion at the loads ranging from 6300 to 8000 N. This suggests that the Al alloy is a more promising material in journal bearings than PTFE composites.     

Abrasive wear of bearing materials — a comparison of test methods

In a lubricated journal bearing, journal as well as bearing may suffer from wear if the lubricant contains hard abrasive particles. Wear may be particularly severe under conditions of boundary lubrication. Tests with 360° journal bearings show that, as far as friction and wear are concerned, the white metal SnSb8Cu4Cd and the bronze CuPb10Sn10 suffer equally from the addition of “air cleaner test dust” in the lubricant. In contrast, on addition of the abrasive, the composite process surface roughness of the bearing (which controls the ability of the bearing to re-establish thick film lubrication) remains virtually unaffected in the case of the white metal but increases considerably in the case of the bronze.The results of tests, performed with a block-on-ring method, do not agree well with those found with real journal bearings. Thus they are not suitable for qualifying materials for application in journal bearings lubricated with abrasive-containing lubricant.     

配副材料对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用铺层/热压烧结的方法制备交叉铺层的碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,探究配副材料及载荷对铺层材料摩擦学性能的影响,并探讨复合材料的磨损机制。结果表明:随着载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐降低,磨损率则逐渐增加;在研究的载荷下,复合材料与轴承钢配副时摩擦因数较低,而与Si₃N₄和Al₂O₃陶瓷球配副时润滑性能较差;在低载荷下复合材料与轴承钢配副时磨损率较高,高载荷下则相反。磨损表面形貌分析显示:当施加的载荷较低时,磨损表面形貌主要为犁沟及少量裂纹,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损;当载荷较高时,高的接触应力使磨损表面产生了大量裂纹并伴随树脂基体脱落,磨损机制由磨粒磨损转变为疲劳磨损。