16×16位高速低功耗并行乘法器的实现

基于0.6μm双阱CMOS工艺模型,实现了一种高速低功耗16×16位并行乘法器。采用传输管逻辑设计电路结构,获得了低功耗的电路性能。采用改进的低功耗、快速Booth编码电路结构和4-2压缩器电路结构,它在2.5V工作电压下,运算时间达到7.18ns,平均功耗(100MHz)为9.45mW。     

FPGA中专用可重构乘法器的设计

提出了一种新的嵌入在FPGA中可重构的流水线乘法器设计. 该设计采用了改进的波茨编码算法,可以实现18×18有符号乘法或17×17无符号乘法. 还提出了一种新的电路优化方法来减少部分积的数目,并且提出了一种新的乘法器版图布局,以便适应tile-based FPGA 芯片设计所加的约束. 该乘法器可以配置成同步或异步模式,也可以配置成带流水线的模式以满足高频操作. 该设计很容易扩展成不同的输入和输出位宽. 同时提出了一种新的超前进位加法器电路来产生最后的结果. 采用了传输门逻辑来实现整个乘法器. 乘法器采用了中芯国际0.13μm CMOS工艺来实现,完成18×18的乘法操作需要4.1ns. 全部使用2级的流水线时,时钟周期可以达到2.5ns. 这比商用乘法器快29.1%,比其他乘法器快17.5%. 与传统的基于查找表的乘法器相比,该乘法器的面积为传统乘法器面积的1/32.     

FPGA中专用可重构乘法器的设计

提出了一种新的嵌入在FPGA中可重构的流水线乘法器设计.该设计采用了改进的波茨编码算法,可以实现18×18有符号乘法或17×17无符号乘法.还提出了一种新的电路优化方法来减少部分积的数目,并且提出了一种新的乘法器版图布局,以便适应tilebased FPGA芯片设计所加的约束.该乘法器可以配置成同步或异步模式,也町以配置成带流水线的模式以满足高频操作.该设计很容易扩展成不同的输入和输出位宽.同时提出了一种新的超前进位加法器电路来产生最后的结果.采用了传输门逻辑来实现整个乘法器.乘法器采用了中芯国际0.13μm CMOS工艺来实现,完成18×18的乘法操作需要4.1ns.全部使用2级的流水线时,时钟周期可以达到2.5ns.这比商用乘法器快29.1%,比其他乘法器快17.5%.与传统的基于查找表的乘法器相比,该乘法器的面积为传统乘法器面积的1/32.     

复数乘法运算的优化方法研究与实现

传统的复数乘法器实现需要4个乘法器和2个加法器。在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)中乘法器资源是非常宝贵的,因此,给出了两种复数乘法的优化算法,一种方法可以节省25%的乘法器资源,另一种可以节省50%的乘法器资源,而且其实现架构可以使用流水线满足高速数字信号处理的要求。同时,还给出了数字信号处理中常用的有限冲激响应(FIR)滤波器和共轭复乘的优化实例。     

应用实例：用FLEX 10K器件实现乘法器

1.引言 Altera的FLEX 10K嵌入式可编程逻辑器件(PLD)系列是业界首次实现嵌入式阵列的PLD。嵌入式阵列由许多嵌入式阵列块(EAB)构成。EAB可以实现复杂的逻辑功能,比如乘法器。由于每个EAB可以编程为8输入、8输出的查找表(LUT),所以一个EAB就可以实现一个多达8个输入的乘法器,如:4×4,5×3,或6×2的乘法器。图1显示了在一个EAB中可以实现的乘法器的不同规格。 本篇应用论文阐述了如何用多个EAB来实现更大规模的乘法器,并比较了并行乘法器和时域多选乘法器这两     

一种结构新颖的流水线Booth乘法器设计

在对传统Booth乘法器研究的基础上,介绍了一种结构新颖的流水线型布什(Booth)乘法器。使用基-4 Booth编码、华莱士树(Wallace Tree)压缩结构、64位Kogge-Stone前缀加法器实现,并在分段实现的64位Kogge-Stone前缀加法器中插入4级流水线寄存器,实现32 t×32 bit无符号和有符号数快速乘法。用硬件描述语言设计该乘法器,使用现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)进行验证,并采用SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS标准单元工艺对该乘法器进行综合。综合结果表明,电路的关键路径延时为3.6 ns,芯片面积＜0.134 mm,功耗＜32.69 mW。     

基于三种方法比较串行与流水线乘法器的功耗

乘法器是科学计算的重要硬件内核。为验证两种结构乘法器(串行、流水线)的功耗差异,分别采用三种功耗分析技术,包括QuartusⅡ自带功耗分析工具PowerPlay Power Analyzer Tool、Altera提供的FPGA估算实际功耗的经验公式,以及Synopsys的综合工具DC,结果表明,在可比较即计算位宽相同、所加工作频率相等的前提下,流水线乘法器的时延仅为串行乘法器的38.5%(因为前者强调了并行),消耗的硬件资源为后者的2.76倍。利用QuartusⅡ自带功耗分析功能得到的结果不明显,而经验公式估算法和DC工具法都得出串行与流水线乘法器功耗之比为0.36。     

面向OFDM应用的低硬件开销低功耗64点FFT处理器设计

在基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)的无线系统中,快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)作为关键模块,消耗着大量的硬件资源。为此,针对于IEEE802. 11a标准的无线局域网基带技术,提出了一种低硬件开销、低功耗的基-24算法流水线架构FFT处理器设计方案。在硬件实现上,采用单路延迟负反馈(Single-path Delay Feedback,SDF)流水线架构;为了降低硬件资源消耗,基于新型的改良蝶形架构利用正则有符号数(Canonical Signed Digit,CSD)常数乘法器替代布斯乘法器完成所有的复数乘法运算。设计采用QUARTUS PRIME工具进行开发,搭配Cyclone 10 LP系列器件,编译结果显示该方案与其他已存在的方案相比,至少节约硬件成本25%,降低功耗18%。     

基于快速舍入的双精度浮点乘法器的设计

文章设计了一个基于快速合入的双精度浮点乘法器。它通过预测和选择实现快速舍入。克服了传统合入方法舍入模式单一、舍入逻辑复杂、硬件开销大等不足，显著地提高了浮点乘法器的性能。该浮点乘法器采用四级流水线，在0．180μm CMOS工艺下综合实现，关键路径延迟为3．15ns。     

一种43位浮点乘法器的设计

设计了一个应用于FFT(快速傅里叶变换)系统的43位浮点乘法器.该乘法器采用一种先进的MBA(modified Booth algorithm)编码与部分积产生技术以及一种优良的折中压缩结构,使用了平方根进位选择加法器,同时,还运用了一种方法使得最终求和、舍入和规格化同时完成,提高了运算速度.采用四级流水线,使用FPGA进行验证,采用0.18μm标准单元库综合实现,系统时钟频率可达184.4MHz.     

Dual-Voltage Single-Rail Dynamic DPA-Resistant Logic Based on Charge Sharing Mechanism

Differential power analysis (DPA) has become a major system security concern.To achieve high levels of security with low power and die area costs,a novel Dual-voltage single-rail dynamic logic (DSDL) design is proposed.The proposed scheme can reduce power dissipation and obtain extremely well-balanced power consumption.The charge sharing mechanism is used for voltage transfer in the internal nodes during the evaluation of the design.Dual power supply voltages are used with positive feedback to speed up the evaluation process.A 4-bit micro Substitution box (SBOX) of the Advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm has been implemented to verify the security of the proposed logic design.The experimental results proved the security and the efficiency of the proposed DSDL,which can reduce power dissipation by up to 20％ and occupies at most 83％ of the silicon area when compared with previous state-of-the-art countermeasures.     

Low power and high speed multiplier design with row bypassing and parallel architecture

This paper presents a low power and high speed row bypassing multiplier. The primary power reductions are obtained by tuning off MOS components through multiplexers when the operands of multiplier are zero. Analysis of the conventional DSP applications shows that the average of zero input of operand in multiplier is 73.8 percent. Therefore, significant power consumption can be reduced by the proposed bypassing multiplier. The proposed multiplier adopts ripple-carry adder with fewer additional hardware components. In addition, the proposed bypassing architecture can enhance operating speed by the additional parallel architecture to shorten the delay time of the proposed multiplier. Both unsigned and signed operands of multiplier are developed. Post-layout simulations are performed with standard TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology and 1.8 V supply voltage by Cadence Spectre simulation tools. Simulation results show that the proposed design can reduce power consumption and operating speed compared to those of counterparts. For a 16×16 multiplier, the proposed design achieves 17 and 36 percent reduction in power consumption and delay, respectively, at the cost of 20 percent increase of chip area in comparison with those of conventional array multipliers. In addition, the proposed design achieves averages of 11 and 38 percent reduction in power consumption and delay with 46 percent less chip area in comparison with those counterparts for both unsigned and signed multipliers. The proposed design is suitable for low power and high speed arithmetic applications.     

对数跳跃加法器的静态CMOS实现

介绍了一种32位对数跳跃加法器结构.该结构采用ELM超前进位加法器代替进位跳跃结构中的组内串行加法器,同ELM相比节约了30%的硬件开销.面向该算法,重点对关键单元进行了晶体管级的电路设计.其中的进位结合结构利用Ling算法,采用支路线或电路结构对伪进位产生逻辑进行优化;求和逻辑的设计利用传输管结构,用一级逻辑门实现"与-民或"功能;1.0μm CMOS工世实现的32位对数跳跃加法器面积为0.62mm2,采用1μm和0.25μm 工世参数的关键路径延迟分别为6ns和0.8ns,在100MHz下功耗分别为23和5.2mW.     

一种低功耗2D DCT/IDCT处理器设计

设计了一种低功耗的2D DCT/IDCT处理器。为了降低功耗,设计基于行列分解的结构,采用了Loeffler的DCT/IDCT快速算法,并使用了零输入旁路、门控时钟、截断处理等技术,在满足设计需求的基础上降低了系统的功耗。常系数乘法器是该处理器的一个重要部件,文中基于并行乘法器结构设计了一种新型的低功耗常系数乘法器,它采用了CSD编码、Wallace Tree乘法算法,结合采用了截断处理、变数校正的优化技术,使得2D DCT/IDCT处理器整体性能有较大提高。设计的时钟频率为100 MHz,可以满足MPEG2 MP@HL实时解码的应用。采用SMIC0.18μm工艺进行综合,该2D DCT/IDCT处理器的面积为341 212μm2,功耗为14.971 mW。通过与其他结构的2DDCT/IDCT处理器设计分析与比较,在满足MPEG2 MP@HL实时解码应用的同时,实现了较低的功耗。     

Low‐Power and Low‐Hardware Bit‐Parallel Polynomial Basis Systolic Multiplier over GF(2m) for Irreducible Polynomials

Multiplication in finite fields is used in many applications, especially in cryptography. It is a basic and the most computationally intensive operation from among all such operations. Several systolic multipliers are proposed in the literature that offer low hardware complexity or high speed. In this paper, a bit‐parallel polynomial basis systolic multiplier for generic irreducible polynomials is proposed based on a modified interleaved multiplication method. The hardware complexity and delay of the proposed multiplier are estimated, and a comparison with the corresponding multipliers available in the literature is presented. Of the corresponding multipliers, the proposed multiplier achieves a reduction in the hardware complexity of up to 20% when compared to the best multiplier for m = 163. The synthesis results of application‐specific integrated circuit and field‐programmable gate array implementations of the proposed multiplier are also presented. From the synthesis results, it is inferred that the proposed multiplier achieves low power consumption and low area complexitywhen compared to the best of the corresponding multipliers.     

Design of a low-power 8 × 8-bit parallel multiplier using MOS current mode logic circuit

This paper proposes an 8?×?8 bit parallel multiplier using MOS current mode logic (MCML) for low power consumption. The 8?×?8 bit multiplier is designed with the proposed MCML full adders and the conventional full adders. The proposed multiplier is achieved to reduce the power consumption by 9.4% and the power-delay-product by 11.7% compared with the conventional circuit. The validity and effectiveness are verified through HSPICE simulation. The proposed multiplier is designed with the Samsung 0.35?μm standard CMOS process.     

一种先进的TTL超高速比较器

文章介绍了一种新型TTL超高速比较器，并对其工作原理、制作工艺、技术性能及可靠性设计等进行了简要描述。该产品具有工作电压低（ 3V)、功耗小（6mA)、响应时间快（10ns)等显著特点，可以广泛应用于高速时序逻辑、线性接收器、数字通讯、模拟信号高速采样以及PCMCIA卡等领域。     

一种低压高线性CMOS模拟乘法器设计

提出了一种新颖的CMOS四象限模拟乘法器电路．该乘法器基于交叉耦合平方电路结构,并采用减法电路来实现。它采用0．18μmCMOS工艺,使用HSPICE软件仿真。仿真结果显示,该乘法器电路在1．8V的电源电压下工作时,静态功耗可低至80μW,其线性输入范围达到±0．3V,-3dB带宽可达到1GHz,而且与先前低电压乘法器电路相比,在同样的功耗和电源电压下,具有更好的线性度。     

基于新型压缩树的近似Booth乘法器

随着大数据、云计算、物联网等技术的兴起,终端设备在硬件开销和供电方面面临巨大挑战,对于新型高效低功耗运算单元的需求日益迫切。针对运算单元功耗高的问题,提出了一种新型高效低功耗的近似Booth乘法器,可应用于图像处理、多媒体处理、模式识别等可容错应用领域。实验结果表明,与已有乘法器相比,所提出的近似Booth乘法器在功耗和延时方面分别降低了19.3%和28.6%,在面积方面节省了29.0%。同时,所提出的近似Booth乘法器的运算精度也具备一定的优势。最后,在高斯滤波的应用中验证了所提出的近似Booth乘法器的实用性。     

Stateful-NOR based reconfigurable architecture for logic implementation

Most commercial Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have limitations in terms of density, speed, configuration overhead and power consumption mostly due to the use of SRAM cells in Look-Up Tables (LUTs), configuration memory and programmable interconnects. Also, hardwired Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) blocks designed for high performance arithmetic circuits in FPGA reduce the area available for reconfiguration. In this paper, we propose a novel generalized hybrid CMOS-memristor based architecture using stateful-NOR gates as basic building blocks for implementation of logic functions. These logic functions are implemented on memristor nanocrossbar layers, while the CMOS layer is used for selection and connection of memristors. The proposed pipelined architecture combines the features of ASIC, FPGA and microprocessor based designs. It has high density due to the use of nanocrossbar layer and high throughput especially for arithmetic circuits. The proposed architecture for three input one output logic block is compared with conventional LUT based Configurable Logic Block (CLB) having the same number of inputs and outputs; which shows 1.82×area saving, 1.57×speedup and 3.63×less power consumption. The automation algorithm to implement any logic function using proposed architecture is also presented.