两级结构的卫星导航压制式和欺骗式干扰联合抑制算法

压制式干扰和欺骗式干扰是全球卫星导航系统 (Global Positioning System, GPS) 中的两种典型干扰,当二者共同存在于导航信号传输环境时,干扰抑制会变得更加困难。本文提出了一种新的两级阵列信号处理方案,由于传统的功率倒置（power inversion, PI）算法可以有效抑制压制式干扰,考虑到协方差矩阵的逆矩阵的物理意义,阵列接收的信号首先经过协方差矩阵求逆处理,然后将处理后的信号向欺骗式干扰的正交子空间投影达到抑制欺骗式干扰的目的。此方法基于GPS C/A码的周期特性和相关特性,利用CLEAN方法估计出欺骗式干扰的波达方向 (direction of arrival, DOA) 进而估计其子空间。实验结果表明新方案可以同时抑制两种干扰,且方法简单运算量小,可作为一个独立的干扰抑制模块嵌入到接收机中,并验证了方法的有效性。      

A novel adaptive anti-interference algorithm based on negative diagonal loading for spoofing and jamming in Global Navigation Satellite System

Spoofing and jamming are two kinds of significant interferences in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). When they coexist in GNSS propagation environment, interference suppression becomes more difficult. Conventional power inversion (PI) algorithm can reject jamming effectively, but has different influences on repeat spoofing when the different numbers of elements are used in an antenna array. Nevertheless, repeat spoofing still has the capability of deception after being processed by the PI algorithm. In the paper, different influences have been analyzed and a blind adaptive anti-interference algorithm is proposed based on negative diagonal loading technique. The proposed method can adaptively reject spoofing and jamming simultaneously without estimating the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of them, and ensure that authentic satellite signal can be acquired by the GNSS receiver without other treatment of repeat spoofing. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the new method.     

利用信号重构的全球导航卫星系统欺骗干扰抑制方法

欺骗式干扰通过发射与真实卫星信号相似的信号误导接收机产生错误的定位结果，具有极大的危害。该文针对转发式欺骗干扰，提出一种基于信号重构的单天线欺骗干扰抑制方法。该方法首先通过参数估计方法估计出欺骗信号载波频率和码相位，然后构建欺骗信号子空间正交投影矩阵以抑制干扰。仿真实验结果表明该方法对欺骗干扰具有良好的抑制效果，能够保障接收机在干扰环境中实现有效定位，并具有较低的运算复杂度。     

基于互相关投影导航接收机欺骗干扰抑制方法

由于欺骗干扰模拟发送与导航卫星信号相同的C/A码,这使得卫星导航接收机极易被其误导和诱骗,从而给出错误的定位信息。考虑到导航信号和同结构欺骗干扰自身都具有强自相关性,且欺骗干扰功率稍大于真实信号,该文提出一种采用阵列天线抑制同结构欺骗干扰的盲干扰抑制方法。该方法从多天线接收数据与其自身延迟的参考数据做互相关入手,利用该互相关矩阵求解干扰的正交投影矩阵,最后将投影后信号互相关矩阵的最大特征值对应的特征矢量作为最优权。该方法处理时无需已知真实信号和干扰方向的来波方向,也无需对卫星C/A码序列进行遍历搜索从而解扩。理论分析和实验结果表明,该阵列波束能够有效抑制干扰,阵列输出SNR较高,干扰抑制后接收机捕获性能不受干扰影响。     

利用周期重复CLEAN的GNSS欺骗式干扰抑制算法

欺骗式干扰能够引导接收机出现定位错误甚至是控制接收机,对全球卫星导航系统在民用以及军事领域的安全应用构成极大的威胁。本文针对转发式欺骗干扰的问题,提出了一种基于周期重复CLEAN的卫星导航欺骗式干扰抑制算法。首先,利用欺骗式干扰空间和功率特征以及C/A码的周期重复特性,采用CLEAN方法估计多个欺骗式干扰源来向以及欺骗式干扰源个数。其次,结合线性约束最小方差（LCMV）算法和一阶微分约束算法,计算天线自适应权值。高保真数据实验表明本文方法能抑制多个欺骗干扰,且无需接收机反馈信息,可以作为一个独立的抗欺骗式干扰模块嵌入普通接收机。      

基于NELDER-MEAD的GNSS欺骗干扰参数估计方法

欺骗干扰对关键领域的导航服务带来了重大挑战,因此有必要发展欺骗干扰监测系统,欺骗信号参数估计是欺骗干扰监测的重要组成部分。当欺骗信号的码相位与真实信号重叠时,无法采用多通道技术对真实信号和欺骗信号分别进行跟踪估计。本文通过分析小时延场景下的信号参数空间,引入导航信号相关峰形状、宽度等先验信息,提出了一种基于NELDER-MEAD的欺骗信号参数估计方法,利用NELDER-MEAD算法直接搜索信号的码相位,在此基础上采用最小二乘法对功率和载波相位进行估计,能够在减小计算量的同时准确估计出欺骗信号与真实信号的参数。仿真结果表明,本文方法的相关域搜索次数比传统MLE方法降低了90%以上。最后通过无线测试,验证了该方法在实际场景中的有效性。      

利用矢量跟踪环路的欺骗干扰检测与抑制方法

欺骗干扰的信号模型与真实卫星信号相似,具有很强的隐蔽性。近年来欺骗干扰不断威胁GPS系统因此受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。生成式欺骗干扰的延迟和功率具有可控性和变化性,因此隐蔽性和危害性更强。针对该问题,本文在欺骗干扰来向与真实卫星信号来向未知的前提下,结合阵列天线技术与矢量跟踪环路,提出一种基于矢量跟踪环路的欺骗干扰检测和抑制方法。该方法首先根据矢量跟踪环路的预测参数重构基于远滞后码的参考信号;其次根据接收信号与参考信号的相干累加结果构造欺骗干扰检测模型;然后根据阵列接收信号与参考信号的相干累加结果估计协方差矩阵;最后根据协方差矩阵中最大特征值对应的特征向量估计欺骗信号的特征向量,并根据该特征向量构造正交投影矩阵抑制欺骗干扰。理论分析和仿真实验得出了本文提出的算法具有较好的抗欺骗干扰性能。      

Novel Anti-spoofing Methods Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform in the Acquisition and Tracking Stages of Civil GPS Receiver

The growing dependence of critical civil infrastructure on Global Positioning System (GPS) makes GPS interference not only a safety threat, but also a matter of national security. Spoofing could pose a major threat for GPS navigation systems, so the GPS users have to gain an in-depth understanding of GPS spoofing. Therefore, spoofing countermeasure is a significant subject of research these days. In this paper, we utilize wavelets transform (WT) as a tool that effectively hinders the adverse activities of these groups, and then introduce two novel methods to mitigate spoofing in the acquisition and tracking processes. In the first suggested algorithm, using WT in the acquisition process, we control satellite constellation to mitigate spoofing errors. After generating the in-phase and quadrature correlator output signals, called I and Q respectively, we apply the wavelet db3 to the Q samples to remove their noise components. In the second method, WT is used in a tracking loop. In this way, we apply sym4 to the Q arm, which results in spoofing reduction. We apply our new algorithms to both simulated and measurement data sets, to shed light on its performance. Results show that both methods successfully mitigate the spoofing effect on the tested data sets.     

Real-time interference detection and mitigation in robust tracking loop of GPS receiver

Spoofing has a vital role in distorting? global positioning system (GPS) signals. In this paper, a plenary anti-spoofing approach based on correlation and adaptive ?Kalman filtering is proposed to distinguish and then diminish spoofing effects. The suggested ?method can be easily implemented in tracking loop of GPS receiver. According to the actual situation, the receiver requires constantly adjusting the system model or filtering parameters. We will study a real-time spoof recognition ?method that has clear certainty by introducing a reliable exhaustive metric. In ?compensation phase, a kind of innovation based Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF) is addressed and a new system model is put forward. As a primary step, the proposed technique is ?implemented in software receiver to prove the concept of idea in a multipath-free ?scenario. Three different data sets have been collected to use in the ?performance assessment of the method. The results indicate that the investigated algorithm is ?able to perform a real-time detection and reduce the miss-adjustment of steady-state positioning.     

基于GNSS多通道跟踪接收机的阵列反欺骗方法

近年来,基于阵列天线的空域处理方法被认为是最有效的欺骗检测和抑制手段之一。提出了一种基于卫星导航接收机多通道跟踪能力的阵列反欺骗方法。多通道跟踪接收机对每一个捕获到的导航信号在所有阵元通道后均进行跟踪处理并提取信号幅度和载波相位观测量,首先计算载波相位双差平方和进行欺骗检测,然后利用载波相位单差和信号幅度比估计信号导引矢量,从而进行基于子空间投影的欺骗信号抑制或基于波束形成的真实卫星信噪比提升。理论分析和仿真试验证明,该方法可有效检测并消除同一来向的欺骗信号且不影响真实卫星信号质量。由于前端非理想因素带来的幅度和相位偏移都已包含在接收机跟踪通道提取的观测量内,实际应用时对阵列天线校准和射频通道均衡的要求明显降低。     

A novel interference suppression scheme for global navigation satellite systems using antenna array

This paper considers interference suppression and multipath mitigation in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). In particular, a self-coherence anti-jamming scheme is introduced which relies on the unique structure of the coarse/acquisition (C/A) code of the satellite signals. Because of the repetition of the C/A-code within each navigation symbol, the satellite signals exhibit strong self-coherence between chip-rate samples separated by integer multiples of the spreading gain. The proposed scheme utilizes this inherent self-coherence property to excise interferers that have different temporal structures from that of the satellite signals. Using a multiantenna navigation receiver, the proposed approach obtains the optimal set of beamforming coefficients by maximizing the cross correlation between the output signal and a reference signal, which is generated from the received data. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can provide high gains toward all satellites in the field of view, while suppressing strong interferers. By imposing constraints on the beamformer, the proposed method is also capable of mitigating multipath that enters the receiver from or near the horizon. No knowledge of either the transmitted navigation symbols or the satellite positions is required.     

一种改进的民用GPS异步欺骗技术

针对民用全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)欺骗中存在的欺骗信号伪码相位同步问题,通过欺骗建模分析得到了主要误差来源于探测系统定位精度.基于传统单路滑动牵引入锁技术,理论分析了功率损失主要来源于载波偏差.针对工程应用中欺骗信号构造时初始码相位超前滞后的不确定带来的欺骗起效时间二值性...     

GPS spoofer countermeasure effectiveness based on signal strength,noise power,and C/N0 measurements

Spoofing sources can effectively disrupt a GPS receiver during the acquisition phase by generating multiple false correlation peaks and increasing the noise floor. Such deceptive correlation peaks can mislead the GPS receiver into acquiring the spoofer generated signals rather than the authentic signals. Also, the spoofer can increase the receiver noise floor to bury the authentic signals in the noise and at the same time generate correlation peaks with amplitudes commensurate with reasonable C/N₀ expectations. The main focus of this paper is on assessment of the reduced effectiveness of the GPS spoofer countermeasure during acquisition where the GPS receiver utilizes C/N₀ discrimination. As shown, whereas the C/N₀ discrimination is of limited effectiveness, with a modest circuit modification, the receiver can measure the absolute power of the correlation peaks, which is an effective means of detecting and discriminating spoofer sources. It will be shown that employing absolute power monitoring technique considerably reduces the vulnerability region of the receiver compared with the C/N₀ monitoring techniques. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

牵引式欺骗对矢量跟踪环路的影响

牵引式欺骗能够在不引起跟踪环路失锁的条件下诱使接收机跟踪欺骗信号,是一种隐蔽性很高的欺骗干扰方式。对于标量接收机,由于其跟踪环路相互独立,因此针对单个信号进行牵引式欺骗时,不会受其他信号的影响。而矢量接收机的跟踪环路通过接收机状态耦合,存在相互影响,即牵引式欺骗对矢量和标量跟踪环路的影响存在差异。本文基于无噪声且欺骗信号与真实信号载波频率和载波相位相等的假设条件,分析牵引式欺骗对矢量跟踪环路的影响,推导出欺骗成功条件,并利用信号源模拟器和软件接收机对分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明,对矢量跟踪环路成功实施牵引式欺骗的条件较标量跟踪环路更为严苛,反映出矢量跟踪环路固有的抗欺骗干扰能力。     

降噪多天线卫星导航欺骗干扰抑制方法

由于欺骗干扰比真实卫星导航信号功率稍大,意味着其功率远小于压制干扰,致使多天线卫星导航接收机的阵列接收环境发生改变,无法抑制欺骗干扰。该文提出了一种能有效改善阵列接收环境,恢复多天线卫星导航欺骗干扰抑制能力的方法。该方法通过降噪预处理提高阵列接收信号的信噪比和干噪比,再使用输出功率最小准则最优化权矢量,从而实现欺骗干扰抑制。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制欺骗干扰,而且阵列输出信干噪比较高,干扰抑制后接收机捕获性能不受干扰影响。      

基于多天线的GNSS压制式干扰与欺骗式干扰联合抑制方法

压制式干扰和欺骗式干扰是全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)面临的最常见且最有威胁的蓄意干扰。该文提出了一种基于多天线的GNSS压制式干扰与欺骗式干扰联合抑制方法。首先利用子空间技术抑制压制式干扰,然后利用解扩重扩算法获得的加权矢量进行欺骗式干扰识别和抑制,最后对无干扰信号再次使用解扩重扩技术形成指向真实卫星的高增益多波束。仿真结果证明所提方法可以同时抑制压制式干扰和欺骗式干扰。该方法不需要卫星来向信息,对阵列流形误差稳健。     

基于CS-C-SVM的多参数GNSS欺骗干扰检测

欺骗通过传输虚假的全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system, GNSS）信号使接收机解算出错误的位置、速度和时间,具有很大的危害性,因此检测到欺骗干扰是十分必要的。传统的利用单一参数检测欺骗干扰的方法存在一定的局限性,然而欺骗过程会引起一系列参数的变化,本文提出综合利用多个参数的检测方法,即将多个参数作为C-支持向量机（C-support vector machine, C-SVM）的特征输入并构建用于检测欺骗干扰的分类器。考虑到使用传统网格搜索（grid search, GS）优化后的C-SVM算法（GS-C-SVM）容易陷入局部最优继而降低分类器的性能,文中提出利用布谷鸟搜索（cuckoo search, CS）算法优化C-SVM（CS-C-SVM）,仿真实验结果表明该方法可以进一步提高分类准确率并降低虚警率。      

功率监测与SQM融合的GNSS欺骗干扰检测

欺骗干扰严重危害全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）的安全运行，导致位置、速度和时间信息出现错误。信号质量监测（Signal Quality Monitoring,SQM）方法实施过程简单，检测性能好，受到国内外学者广泛关注。Ratio检测量是SQM的一种经典检测量，其通过检测相关峰异常升高或平缓实现欺骗检测，被普遍应用。所提的功率监测与SQM融合（Power Combined with SQM,PCS）的欺骗检测算法在Ratio检测量的基础上改进，通过对早码、即时码和晚码的相关输出作和差运算，实现跟踪环相关输出信号功率与质量的同时监测，且可消除载波相位误差影响。利用美国得州大学的得州欺骗测试电池（Texas Spoofing Test Battery,TEXBAT）中级欺骗干扰数据集第四条功率匹配干扰数据进行实验分析，实验结果表明，与Ratio检测量和绝对功率监测相比，PCS检测量融合两者优势，检测性能更优；且PCS检测量的输出结果能够更好地体现欺骗干扰引起的信号功率变化，进而反映了干扰实施过程，并实现了更早发现欺骗干扰。     

基于捕获结果的GNSS欺骗式干扰检测

GNSS欺骗式干扰是卫星导航系统的一大威胁。对于转发式欺骗干扰,由于目标接收机并不知道所受干扰的具体参数,现有的单一欺骗检测方法不能检测所有欺骗干扰,本文提出一种在捕获阶段检测欺骗干扰的组合算法。首先利用联合信干噪比和多峰检测方法进行检测。如果捕获峰值超过给定阈值,则有欺骗干扰信号存在;若未超过给定阈值但有两个峰值,则利用提出的码相位差一致性方法进行检测,该方法避免了多径信号对检测性能的影响;当只有一个未超过给定阈值的峰值时,可能存在真实信号和欺骗干扰信号重叠,此时通过改进的相关函数宽度阈值方法进一步检测。当有两个相关峰时,随着欺骗干扰信号总功率变小,检测概率越来越高,表明了码相位差一致性方法的有效性;当有一个相关峰时,对于不同小时延下的转发式欺骗干扰信号,检测概率较高,表明了改进的相关函数宽度阈值方法的有效性。      

转发欺骗干扰对卫星导航接收机载波环的影响研究

本文研究了转发欺骗干扰对卫星导航接收机载波跟踪环的影响。推导出在存在转发欺骗条件下卫星导航接收机载波跟踪环输出的相位误差公式，分析了不同强度的转发欺骗干扰对卫星导航接收机跟踪环路的作用，得出了使卫星导航接收机跟踪环路失锁转发欺骗干扰所需的最小功率强度。通过试验验证了本文分析结论的正确性。