Recent progress and prospective of medium and high temperatures thermal energy storage materials

开发中高温储热材料及其制备方法是储热技术发展的关键之一.本文结合中高温储热材料的分类,特点,应用及存在的问题对中高温储热材料的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括显热储热材料,热化学储热材料以及潜热储热材料.探讨了复合结构储热材料及其制备工艺,进一步介绍了其最新研究进展,并对中高温储热材料的下一步研究进行了展望,提出开发高性能纳微复合结构储热材料是未来研究的重点.     

Progress in medium to high temperature thermochemical energy storage technologies

热化学反应储能可实现能源的高效转换、长时储存和远距离输运,在大规模储能领域有广阔的应用前景,是当前储能研究的热点之一。文章着眼于反应温度介于573~1273 K的中高温热化学反应体系：金属氢化物体系、氧化还原体系、有机体系、无机氢氧化物体系以及氨分解体系,从实验研究、数值模拟与技术创新等方面评述了当前几种有发展前景的储能体系的研究进展,并介绍了典型的示范工程。根据各体系研究中存在的问题,探讨和展望了其发展趋势。     

新能源系统中双储能耦合燃煤机组的应用策略研究

  目的  随着新能源电力消费比例不断提高,燃煤机组耦合双储能技术的能源系统发展受到广泛关注。  方法  文章基于能源系统组成、储能技术特性、项目示范情况以及技术瓶颈等方面的分析,针对风电、光伏嵌入下双储能技术耦合燃煤机组参与电力系统调峰应用开展了运行控制策略研究。  结果  双储能技术耦合燃煤机组可通过不同的结构组成、运行策略优化有效解决新能源系统运行稳定性、能源高效利用以及技术经济性等问题,但目前尚未到实现大规模商业化应用阶段。  结论  双储能耦合燃煤机组在新能源系统中的推广应用,需要对双储能技术的策略优化及储能技术本身的发展突破方面不断开展工作。     

Compact energy storage: Opportunities and challenges of graphene for supercapacitors

碳纳米储能材料发展迅速,质量容量性能不断刷新。但通常碳纳米材料的密度较低,导致其体积比容量有限,在很多时候很难将材料水平上的优异性能反映到最终的器件上。发展高体积能量密度储能材料,在器件水平上实现致密储能,对推动储能材料和器件的实用化至关重要。作为其它sp2碳质材料的基本结构单元和一种柔性二维材料,石墨烯通过组装可以实现纳米结构致密化,在致密储能方面具有先天优势。本文以石墨烯在超级电容器中的应用为主,分别从材料、电极、器件3个层次讨论了实用化储能器件的设计原则,梳理了高体积能量密度碳基储能材料的研究进展,重点介绍了高体积容量碳电极材料的致密化设计理念,强调了从器件角度考虑储能材料设计的重要性,并对致密储能面临的机遇和挑战作了分析。     

Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications

The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal-storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. This paper also summarizes the investigation and analysis of the available thermal energy storage systems incorporating PCMs for use in different applications.     

Evaluation and selection of energy storage systems for solar thermal applications

Energy storage is one of the key technologies for energy conservation and therefore is of great practical importance. One of its main advantages is that it is best suited for solar thermal applications. This study deals with a comprehensive discussion of the evaluation and the selection of sensible and latent heat storage technologies, systems and applications in the field of solar energy. Several issues relating to energy storage are examined from the current perspective. In addition, some criteria, techniques, recommendations, checklists on the selection, implementation and operation of energy storage systems are provided for the use of energy engineers, scientists and policy makers. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Recent insights in synthesis and energy storage applications of porous carbon derived from biomass waste: A review

In the last few decades, global warming, environmental pollution, and an energy shortage of fossil fuel may cause a severe economic crisis and health threats. Storage, conversion, and application of regenerable and dispersive energy would be a promising solution to release this crisis. The development of porous carbon materials from regenerated biomass are competent methods to store energy with high performance and limited environmental damages. In this regard, bio-carbon with abundant surface functional groups and an easily tunable three-dimensional porous structure may be a potential candidate as a sustainable and green carbon material. Up to now, although some literature has screened the biomass source, reaction temperature, and activator dosage during thermochemical synthesis, a comprehensive evaluation and a detailed discussion of the relationship between raw materials, preparation methods, and the structural and chemical properties of carbon materials are still lacking. Hence, in this review, we first assess the recent advancements in carbonization and activation process of biomass with different compositions and the activity performance in various energy storage applications including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and hydrogen storage, highlighting the mechanisms and open questions in current energy society. After that, the connections between preparation methods and porous carbon properties including specific surface area, pore volume, and surface chemistry are reviewed in detail. Importantly, we discuss the relationship between the pore structure of prepared porous carbon with surface functional groups, and the energy storage performance in various energy storage fields for different biomass sources and thermal conversion methods. Finally, the conclusion and prospective are concluded to give an outlook for the development of biomass carbon materials, and energy storage applications technologies. This review demonstrates significant potentials for energy applications of biomass materials, and it is expected to inspire new discoveries to promote practical applications of biomass materials in more energy storage and conversion fields.     

储能技术在中小型风力发电系统中的应用

讨论了储能技术的分类及应用范围,并对中小型风力发电系统的结构及其系统中储能的作用进行了阐述。同时分析了碳纳米管超级电容器储能、氢储能、超级电容器和蓄电池混合储能三种很有前途储能技术在中小型风力发电系统中的应用。     

Building integrated energy storage opportunities in China

China has a big population and all countryside are being urbanized recently, more and more buildings are being built with careful considerations of energy saving. Building integrated energy systems are thought to be of priority importance. There are extended energy storage researches and developments for buildings, such as building materials for stabilization of room temperature using the daily and night temperature difference in north China, desiccant materials integrated with buildings used for constant relative humidity control in south China. Solar thermal energy storage using specialized design of hot water tank, phase change materials (PCMs) or pebble stones have been well studied and demonstrated, whereas chemical energy storage capability had been also considered with potential applications. The development of electric battery storage for Photovoltaic (PV) is also highlighted as it is a good opportunity for smart grid development. In modern commercial building, uninterruptible power supplies using rechargeable battery packs and thermal energy storage are currently two of the most common applications for energy storage, while other storage technologies are still at the research stage. The above development of building integrated energy storage opportunities in China are described and analyzed, some demonstration projects are shown in this paper.     

储能技术发展概况研究

我国能源建设面临的主要问题有人均能源储备量少,能源开发利用设备和技术落后,环境污染严重等。因此,研究价值高、应用前景广阔的储能技术,已受到科技界和企业界的密切关注,成为国际能源界研究的热点之一。储能方式主要有物理储能、化学储能、电磁储能和相变储能四大类型,其中物理储能包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、飞轮储能及高温熔岩等;化学储能包括铅酸、锂离子、钠硫和液流等电池储能;电磁储能包括超级电容储能、超导储能和超级电池;相变储能包括蓄热和蓄冷储能等。对储能技术进行分类介绍,对其工作原理、技术现状、发展前景及优缺点进行了讨论,为进一步研究储能技术提供参考。     

Advise on policy formulation of energy storage industry for the development

随着我国能源结构的逐步调整,以风电、光伏为代表的可再生能源发电装机规模和消费比重大幅增加,同时以动力电池汽车为代表的新能源汽车产业正在快速发展,这对传统能源系统提出了巨大的挑战。储能技术可以通过能量的存储与再利用解决上述挑战,但我国的储能产业总体尚处于起步阶段,获得长足的发展进步并使储能产业获得广泛应用仍需时日。本文概述了储能技术的基本类型、评价指标体系、应用与发展趋势,分析了全球典型国家与我国的储能应用情况、配套政策及现存问题,并以此为依据提出了扶持储能产业健康发展的政策建议。     

储热材料的研究进展及其应用

综述了储热材料的研究进展和实际应用.介绍了储热材料的分类以及各类材料的性能、储能机理和优缺点;介绍了一些新型的相变材料,并结合实例探讨了储热材料在太阳能利用、建筑节能等领域的应用;指出了储热材料的研究方向和未来的发展趋势.     

Application of superconducting magnetic energy storage in electrical power and energy systems: a review

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is known to be an excellent high‐efficient energy storage device. This article is focussed on various potential applications of the SMES technology in electrical power and energy systems. SMES device founds various applications, such as in microgrids, plug‐in hybrid electrical vehicles, renewable energy sources that include wind energy and photovoltaic systems, low‐voltage direct current power system, medium‐voltage direct current and alternating current power systems, fuel cell technologies and battery energy storage systems. An extensive bibliography is presented on these applications of SMES. Also, some conclusive remarks in terms of future perspective are presented. Also, the present ongoing developments and constructions are also discussed. This study provides a basic guideline to investigate further technological development and new applications of SMES, and thus benefits the readers, researchers, engineers and academicians who deal with the research works in the area of SMES. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Technical principle of compressed air energy storage system

压缩空气储能被公认为是一种比较适合大规模系统的储能技术.本文对压缩空气储能的技术原理和发展现状进行了简要讲解,包括工作原理,工作过程,关键技术,发展现状,应用领域等.     

液流电池储能技术研究现状与展望

液流电池技术利用流动的电解液作为电化学储能介质,适合于进行大容量电能与化学能的转化与储存。液流电池通常具有寿命长、效率高等技术特征,在平滑风能、太阳能等可再生能源发电出力以及微型电网、智能电网建设等方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文论述了液流电池的研究与开发现状,概述了目前逐渐具备工程实施能力的全钒液流电池体系,分析了液流电池新体系的研究开发状况,指明了它们各自需要进行技术突破的重要问题,最后展望了金属/ 空气液流电池的技术优势与未来发展前景。     

国内储能技术应用进展

储能是智能电网、可再生能源接入、分布式发电、微网以及电动汽车发展不可或缺的支撑环节,但其产业链尚不成熟,特别是一些关键技术的开发还难以满足整个新能源产业的发展需要。分析了我国储能技术在发展中存在的主要问题、发展方向与政策支持,虽然各类储能技术不断实现突破,但短时期内还将存在“多种储能技术并存,共同发展”的格局,重点讨论了机械储能、电磁储能和电化学储能的特点和应用场合。目前国内有多家企业都在研制开发和应用这些新能源储能电池,对各类储能技术应用进展情况进行了介绍。     

A review of marine renewable energy storage

Marine renewable energies are promising enablers of a cleaner energy future. Some technologies, like wind, are maturing and have already achieved commercial success. Similar to their terrestrial counterparts, marine renewable energy systems require energy storage capabilities to achieve the flexibility of the 21st century grid demand. The unique difficulties imposed by a harsh marine environment challenge the unencumbered rise of marine renewable energy generation and storage systems. In this study, the fundamentals of marine renewable energy generation technologies are briefed. A comprehensive review and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art novel marine renewable energy storage technologies, including pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), battery energy storage (BES), hydrogen energy storage (HES), gravity energy storage (GES), and buoyancy energy storage (ByES), are conducted. The pros and cons, and potential applications, of various marine renewable energy storage technologies are also compiled. Finally, several future trends of marine renewable energy storage technologies are connoted.     

Microencapsulated phase change slurries for thermal energy storage in a residential solar energy system

Phase change materials (PCMs) are attractive for use in thermal energy storage applications and thermal regulation/control due to their high-energy storage density over a small temperature range. The direct use of phase change materials for energy storage and/or heat transfer applications has been limited due to the low thermal conductivity of the PCM particularly when solidifying on the heat transfer surface. A Phase change slurry (PCS) consists of small micro-encapsulated PCM particles suspended in a carrier fluid which enhances the heat transfer to the PCM. The PCS can serve not only as the thermal storage media but also as the heat transfer fluid, and hence may have many potentially important applications including in the field of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), refrigeration, solar energy and heat exchangers. A test system to examine PCS performance in residential thermal energy storage applications has been developed to both observe and characterise the thermal processes that occur in a thermal store with a helical coil heat exchanger. These test results will be used to improve the system design and identify limitations when used for intermittent application.     

海上储能技术发展动态与前景

海洋拥有巨大的能源资源潜力,而储能技术是新能源革命的关键,推动海上储能技术发展势在必行。本文首先阐述了海上储能技术的出现与发展,以风电、锂电、多能互补技术在海上储能的实际应用为例,介绍了储能技术从陆地到海洋的技术转移模式。其次列举了能够利用海水特点、适应海洋环境的储能技术与形式。海水运动虽复杂多变却蕴含丰富的能量,纳米发电机能够对海水运动能量进行有效收集。最后从长期、短期、应用场景三方面展望了海上储能技术的发展前景,总结指出海上储能技术在清洁开发利用海洋能源中的重要性以及推进海上储能技术发展在新能源革命时代的必要性。     

A review of large‐scale electrical energy storage

This paper gives a broad overview of a plethora of energy storage technologies available on the large‐scale complimented with their capabilities conducted by a thorough literature survey. According to the capability graphs generated, thermal energy storage, flow batteries, lithium ion, sodium sulphur, compressed air energy storage, and pumped hydro storage are suitable for large‐scale storage in the order of 10's to 100's of MWh; metal air batteries have a high theoretical energy density equivalent to that of gasoline along with being cost efficient; compressed air energy storage has the lowest capital energy cost in comparison to other energy storage technologies; flywheels, super conducting magnetic storage, super capacitors, capacitors, and pumped hydro storage have very low energy density; compressed air energy storage, cryogenic energy storage, thermal energy storage, and batteries have relatively high energy density; high efficiencyin tandem with high energy density results in a cost efficient storage system; and power density pitted against energy density provides a clear demarcation between power and energy applications. This paper also provides a mathematical model for thermal energy storage as a battery. Furthermore, a comprehensive techno‐economic evaluation of the various energy storage technologies would assist in the development of an energy storage technology roadmap. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.