团状模塑料增强粉煤灰／再生胶复合材料研究

以再生胶为基相,粉煤灰为填料,团状模塑料（DMC）为增强相制备了高性能的复合材料。通过测定复合材料的力学性能及热老化性能,得出DMC／粉煤灰／再生胶复合材料的最佳配方为：DMC60,粉煤灰50,再生胶100。复合材料的综合性能优于纯的DMC和再生胶的性能。     

硅烷偶联剂KH-550和Si-69增容粉煤灰/废胶粉复合材料

采用硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]四硫化物(Si-69)对粉煤灰(FA)/废胶粉(URP)复合材料进行增容,考察了偶联剂用量和加入方式对复合材料性能的影响,并对复合材料的结构和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,KH-550和Si-69均可以改善FA与URP的相容性,提高复合材料的力学性能;Si-69的增容效果好于KH-550,最佳的Si-69/FA/URP(质量比)为1.0/40/100。采用硅烷偶联剂与FA混合、再与URP混合的分步加入方式,与同步加入方式相比,制备的复合材料更易成型,且复合材料的力学性能、耐磨性能和耐热老化性能更好。与KH-550相比,用Si-69改性的FA/URP复合材料,其相界面更为模糊,无孔洞。硅烷偶联剂改性的FA/URP复合材料中有Si—O生成。     

Effect of fly ash washing conditions on the properties of coupling agent modified polypropylene/fly ash composites

Two fly ash samples (one from UK, UKFA, and another from South Africa, SAFA) were washed with water and 1 M hydrochloric acid (followed by water) prior to incorporation (at 65% wt) into polypropylene homopolymer, containing an unsaturated carboxylic acid coupling agent (Lubrizol Solplus^® C800) with dicumyl peroxide free radical initiator. Melt blending was achieved using a Haake Rheomix 600 mixing chamber, and composite test plaques were compression moulded. Flexural and impact testing was then carried out. Unwashed and water washed fly ash–based composites responded well to C800 modification, and flow microcalorimetry (FMC) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed strong interaction between C800 and fly ash. However, washing the fly ash with HCl led to a reduction in composite flexural and impact properties. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the latter composite fracture surfaces revealed poor filler‐matrix adhesion, which was thought to be due to reduced interaction between C800 and HCl washed fly ash. The latter was confirmed using FMC. Reduction of C800/fly ash interaction led to a reduction in the nucleation of polypropylene (PP) crystallization and a decrease in melt flow rate. The latter may be due to a shift in locus of PP–C800 addition reactions from the interfacial region to the bulk matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:698–707, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

气膜包覆法制备Si69改性淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料的性能

采用气膜包覆法制得双(3 -三乙氧基硅烷丙基)四硫化物(简称Si 69)改性淀粉,然后与天然橡胶(NR)共混制得Si 69改性淀粉/NR复合材料,研究了Si 69改性淀粉的疏水性,考察了Si 69用量对复合材料硫化特性、物理机械性能、加工性能及动态性能的影响,并表征了复合材料的相态结构.结果表明,经气流粉碎后淀粉的平均...     

Viscoelastic properties of fly ash‐filled natural rubber compounds: Effect of fly ash loading

Fly ash (FA) as a by‐product of power station plants is known to consist of silicon dioxide similar to precipitated silica. The use of FA as filler in natural rubber (NR) was of interest to reinforce and/or reduce product cost. In this article, viscoelastic properties of FA‐filled NR composites with various FA loadings were investigated with the utilization of two different modes of shear flow, namely, oscillatory and steady shear flow. It is found that the addition of FA to NR increases storage modulus (G′) and shear viscosity under both oscillatory and steady shear flow. Moreover, the oscillatory test results exhibit the unexpected increase in magnitude of viscous response with increasing FA loading in FA‐filled NR compounds. The explanation is proposed in terms of the ball‐bearing effect of FA with spherical shape associated with the occurrence of molecular degradation induced by inorganic constituents particularly manganese, iron, and copper in nonrubber component of NR as well as the small amount of heavy metals including iron, copper in FA. An isoprene rubber (IR) containing no nonrubber component was used to validate the proposed explanation. In addition, with the use of Cox‐Merz concept, the results of both complex viscosity under oscillatory shear flow and apparent shear viscosity under steady shear flow can effectively be superimposed in the case of FA‐filled compounds, supporting the promotion of viscous response by FA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

短切碳纤维对天然橡胶/顺丁橡胶复合材料性能的影响

以天然橡胶(NR)和顺丁橡胶(BR)为基料,以短切碳纤维(SCF)为添加剂,制备了SCF/NR/BR复合材料,考察了SCF用量对NR/BR的摩擦性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,SCF可增强NR/BR基体的强度,增大其硬度。在NR/BR混合胶中加入15份SCF可以降低混合胶的摩擦系数,减少混合胶的磨损量,提高混合胶的耐磨性能。SCF增强的NR/BR在摩擦过程中发生了磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,形成了卷曲磨屑。     

Effect of coupling agents on the mechanical properties of fly ash/polyester particulate composites

Fly ash (FA)/general purpose unsaturated polyester resin (GPR) particulate composites were made. The effect of the surface treatment of FA with two different silane coupling agents (CAs) on the mechanical properties, such as the tensile, flexural, compressive, and impact strengths and hardness, of FA–GPR composites were studied. The properties of FA–CA–GPR were also compared with that of GPR and CaCO₃–GPR. An enhancement in the tensile, flexural, compressive, and impact strengths and a decrease in the tensile and flexural moduli were observed when FA was surface treated with CA. Hardness also increases with CA‐treated FA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1755–1760, 2001     

稻壳灰纳米白炭黑对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

利用稻壳灰通过溶胶-凝胶法制备稻壳灰纳米白炭黑,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射谱和扫描电子显微镜法分析稻壳灰纳米白炭黑的微观结构、组成和粒径,研究其作为填料对天然橡胶（NR）复合材料性能的影响,并与高分散性白炭黑Z1165MP和175MP进行对比。结果表明：制备的稻壳灰纳米白炭黑的纯度较高,平均粒径为40～60 nm;与白炭黑Z1165MP和175MP相比,稻壳灰纳米白炭黑在NR基体中的分散性较好,填充稻壳灰纳米白炭黑的NR混炼胶t10和t90延长,硫化胶的拉伸强度较高,0 ℃时的tanδ较大,综合性能明显提高。     

改性天然沸石对橡胶复合材料性能的影响

为了提高沸石在橡胶中的分散，增强沸石与橡胶的界面相互作用，本文采用硝酸（H）和双-（γ-三乙氧基硅基丙基）四硫化物（S）对天然沸石（NZ）进行复合改性（S-HNZ），然后将改性沸石与天然橡胶（NR）混炼制备沸石/天然橡胶复合材料，研究不同改性沸石对天然橡胶性能的影响。采用FTIR、XRD、SEM等测试手段对改性前后NZ的结构进行表征，研究了橡胶复合材料的硫化性能，动态热机械性能（DMA）及力学等性能。结果表明：经酸处理后天然沸石（HNZ）骨架脱铝呈疏水性，且硅烷成功接枝到天然沸石表面。添加S-HNZ的橡胶复合材料焦烧时间和正硫化时间均缩短，硫化反应速率加快；另外，与NR相比，NR/S-HNZ的300%定伸应力和抗拉强度分别提高了46.7%和10.8%；DMA结果显示，NR/S-HNZ储能模量（E''）和玻璃化转变温度（Tg）均高于NR，表明经复合改性后，复合材料的交联密度增加，形成较强的交联网络，极大提高了沸石与橡胶大分子链之间的界面结合力。     

不同种类短纤维对天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能的影响

分别以尼龙66短纤维、芳纶短纤维及聚酯短纤维作为增强剂,天然橡胶（NR）和丁苯橡胶（SBR）作为基体制备了短纤维增强NR/SBR（短纤维/NR/SBR）复合材料,采用正交实验方法研究了短纤维种类、长度及用量对短纤维/NR/SBR复合材料的拉伸性能、硬度、撕裂强度的影响。结果表明,经过浸渍处理后的尼龙66短纤维与NR/SBR基体之间的结合最为紧密;浸渍处理后的尼龙66短纤维可以有效提高NR/SBR复合材料的拉伸强度,在一定范围内,随着短纤维长度和用量的增加,短纤维/NR/SBR复合材料的拉伸强度有所提高;短纤维的加入提高了NR/SBR复合材料的撕裂强度和硬度,但扯断伸长率则有所下降。     

淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料的力学性能研究

采用不同偶联剂对淀粉活化改性,通过直接共混法制备淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料。研究了淀粉种类、添加量及偶联剂对复合材料的拉伸性能、硬度、耐磨性的变化规律。结果表明:改性后淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸性能、硬度、耐磨性明显增加,而改性后木薯淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料的力学性能最佳;采用质量分数为3%的有机硼偶联剂对橡胶材料的改性效果最好。     

The effect of epoxidized natural rubber on mechanical properties of siliceous earth/natural rubber composites

Siliceous earth (SE) is a kind of mineral consisting of lamellar kaolinite, muscovite (aluminum silicate) and corpuscular silica. Natural rubber (NR) composites containing NR as matrix, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as compatibilizer and SE as filler were produced by latex coagulating process and cured using a conventional sulfuric system. Monsanto measurements have shown that the ENR accelerates the vulcanization reaction and gives rise to a marked increase of the torque. The results of physico-mechanical properties of NR vulcanizates show that, when SE modified by silane coupling agent and in the meanwhile adding 4 phr of ENR as compatibilizer, maximum tensile strength, elongation at break, reinforcing index (M300/100) of NR/SE vulcanizates were obtained. The dynamic-mechanical properties exhibit the addition of ENR can enhance wet grip characteristics and reduce rolling resistance by lowering tan δ values at 60 °C and increasing tan δ values at 0 °C of NR compounds. The overall results show that properties of SE-reinforced NR substantially improved by adding ENR as compatibilizer. The addition of silane coupling agent and combining an appropriate amount of ENR would be better choice to improve the properties of NR/SE compounds.     

天然虾青素改性白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

采用天然虾青素对白炭黑表面进行物理改性，并与天然橡胶（NR）制备成复合材料。利用RPA、DMA、SEM等测试手段对天然虾青素改性白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明，在硫化特性方面，与未采用天然虾青素改性白炭黑相比，采用天然虾青素改性白炭黑所得胶料的焦烧时间和工艺正硫化时间均缩短，促进了橡胶的硫化过程；在物理力学性能方面，所得硫化胶的拉伸强度基本不变，回弹性和耐磨性明显增加，压缩生热降低；在动态黏弹性方面，所得硫化胶的Payne效应明显降低，填料的分散性在一定程度上得到改善；在动态力学性能方面，所得硫化胶的滚动阻力降低，玻璃化转变温度提高。特别地，在耐老化方面，天然虾青素改性白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的耐热空气老化性能明显提高。     

Effect of coupling agents on the degradation of polypropylene/fly ash composites

Composites containing 50% wt fly ash (sourced from the UK and South Africa) in polypropylene homopolymer (manufacturer stabilized for general purpose use) have been prepared by using batch and continuous methods. The effect of the following coupling agents were investigated on the photo‐ and thermal‐decomposition of the composite materials: Lubrizol Solplus C800 (an unsaturated carboxylic acid), γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (γ‐MPS), 1,3‐phenylene dimaleimide (BMI), and maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polypropylene (m‐PP). High melt, thermal‐, and photo‐stability was favored when the matrix was coupled to the filler surface by monomeric coupling agents that were expected to adsorb in a close packed layer on the fly ash surface. Further improvements were observed in cases where the coupling agent could also self‐polymerize. m‐PP did not lead to increased stability due to its low adsorption density on the fly ash surface. The relatively high water/acid soluble transition metal ion content of the UK sourced fly ash did not appear to affect stability under the test conditions employed in this study. The South African sourced fly ash had a higher level of quartz and mullite together with a high level of group 1 and 2 metals. The latter in particular may have led to debonding of the coupled interfacial region from the filler surface and possible adsorption of stabilizers on the pristine surface. This resulted in the South African fly ash generally possessing poorer resistance to oxidation than the UK fly ash. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39974.     

氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

采用己内酰胺（CPL）改性氧化石墨烯（GO）（CPL-GO）,与天然橡胶（NR）复合后通过熔融共混法制备了CPL-GO/NR复合材料。考察了CPL-GO用量对CPL-GO/NR复合材料物理机械性能、界面相互作用和气体阻隔性能的影响。结果表明,CPL改性GO后,X射线衍射层间距增加,片层堆砌更为松散,CPL-GO与水接触角增至91.2°。当CPL-GO的质量分数为2.0%时,CPL-GO/NR复合材料的拉伸强度为26.1 MPa,较纯NR提高了50.9%。随着CPL-GO用量的增加,复合材料的储能模量增加,损耗因子的峰值减小,表明GO经CPL表面改性后与NR复合,增强了两相界面间的相互作用,从而提高了复合材料抵抗变形的能力。在40 ℃下,当CPL-GO的质量分数为3.0%时,CPL-GO/NR复合材料的气体渗透系数较纯NR下降了57.1%。     

碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的结构与性能

通过机械混炼法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)／天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究了CNT的预处理方式对复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,与NR相比,CNT／NR复合材料的硫化返原现象减轻,硫化后凝胶质量分数降低,硫化剂用量应适当增加,由混酸氧化处理的CNT填充橡胶复合材料的硫化迟滞效应明显;复合材料内部存在CNT的富集区域和CNT含量很少的橡胶区域,CNT与NR之间的界面结合作用不好;由HF处理的CNT填充橡胶复合材料的整体性能最好,但受CNT在橡胶基体中的不良分散状态及界面性质的影响,其力学性能不高。     

Mechanical properties of siliceous earth/natural rubber composites

Siliceous earth (SE), which has a special morphology and structure, was selected as filler of natural rubber (NR) and mechanical properties of compounds were analyzed. Two processes were employed to prepare SE/NR compounds described as mechanical mixing method and latex method, respectively. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties of the vulcanizates prepared from the masterbatches were compared with those prepared by mechanical mixing method. X‐ray diffraction results of NR/SE vulcanizations indicated that mechanical mixing above the latex process facilitated the intercalation of NR into the galleries of SE. The results of mechanical properties show that SE has good reinforcing properties on NR both by latex or mechanical mixing process. By comparison, H samples show slightly higher crosslink density, tensile strength, 300% modulus, and lower elongation at break than M sample in same loading. But in the aspect of dynamic properties there exist obviously difference between latex and mechanical mixing process. Rubber processing analyzer (RPA) results showed that uncured M samples showed obviously higher storage modulus than that of H samples. The heat build‐up of M30 is much lower than that of H30. These behaviors indicated better dynamitic properties when the masterbatches prepared by the predispersing method was utilized. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1043–1052, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

液体聚异戊二烯/天然橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

制备了4种3,4-结构摩尔分数不同的液体聚异戊二烯(LIR),考察了芳烃油及不同3,4-结构摩尔分数的LIR作为增塑剂对于天然橡胶(NR)的交联密度、物理机械性能、动态力学性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明,随着LIR中3,4-结构摩尔分数的增加,NR的交联密度增加.LIR不仅起到增塑的作用,还可与NR形成共交联网络.与芳...     

淀粉纳米晶/天然橡胶复合材料的制备和性能(英文)

通过磷酸酸解的方法制备了淀粉纳米晶,与天然胶乳共混沉淀,制备了淀粉纳米晶/天然橡胶纳米复合材料.利用扫描电镜研究了该纳米复合材料的微观结构,表明淀粉纳米晶以50～100 nm的片状颗粒分散在天然橡胶基体中.力学性能结果表明,淀粉纳米晶对天然橡胶具有较好的补强效果.动态力学性能分析表明,添加质量分数为5%的淀粉纳米晶的淀粉纳米晶/天然橡胶纳米复合材料抗湿滑性显著提高,可用作绿色轮胎材料.     

聚丙烯/粉煤灰微发泡复合材料的制备及发泡性能研究

采用化学微发泡法制备了聚丙烯/粉煤灰(PPFP1919/FA)微发泡复合材料,并对不同FA含量的PPFP1919/FA复合材料的流变性能、发泡质量及力学性能进行研究.结果表明,FA分散在PPFP1919基体中提高了复合材料的熔体强度,使熔体弹性变好,可发泡性提高;FA在发泡过程中还起到了异相成核作用,提供了成核点,从而...