频率选择性衰落信道中的空时分组编码系统性能研究

空时分组码（STBC）由于具有较高的分集增益和简单的编译方法，从而得到普遍关注。但是它只适于频率平坦信道，而实际的信道多为频率选择性信道。丈中将考虑两种适用于频率选择性信道的空时分组码系统方案：OFDM-STBC和SC／FDE-STBC方案，即考虑空时分组码与正交频分复用或单载波频域均衡结合。通过对OFDM-STBC和SC／FDE-STBC系统性能仿真结果的比较和分析，表明SC／FDE-STBC方案要优于OFDM-STBC方案。此外，文中也给出一些细致的仿真性能的观察。     

在频率选择性相关信道中的空频分组编码技术

本文提出了频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中的对角空频分组码(DSF)，研究了码的性能。分析表明，在各天线对间的信道相互独立，系统有NT个发射天线，NR个接收天线和信道冲击响应长度是L时，DSF码可实现分集增益NRNTL。此外，相关的发射天线阵列会使DSF码分集增益下降，但是对码的性能影响不大，特别是在较长的多路径信道上。因此，DSF码对于相关的衰落信道显示出优越的鲁棒性能。最终仿真结果证实了本文的分析。     

基于混沌序列的空时多载波CDMA系统性能分析

将混沌序列替代传统直接序列CDMA(DS-CDMA)通信系统中的伪随机(PN)序列,并构建了基于混沌序列的空时多载波CDMA(C-STBC-MC-CDMA)系统。仿真结果表明,混沌扩频序列的引入提高了通信系统性能。     

基于空时分组训练序列的低复杂度MIMO-OFDM信道估计

为提高MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计的性能,首先通过分析揭示了基于空时分组训练序列的MMSE信道估计器和子空间投影之间的关系。在此基础上,对空时分组训练序列简单得到的LS信道估计器进行子空间投影,得到了复杂度较低同时性能良好的信道估计。为进一步提高性能,最后提出了一种基于FFT的多径时延估计方法,使用该方法可以得到更精确的信道响应信号子空间,从而提高投影估计的性能。计算机仿真证明了所提出算法的有效性。     

空时/频编码在OFDM系统中的应用

介绍了空时编码(STBC)和空频编码(SFBC)应用于OFDM系统,实现发射分集,并对基于梳状导频的LS(最小二乘)算法采用正交导频设计方案,把多天线信道估计转化为单天线信道估计,大大简化了运算。仿真结果表明,实现的空时和空频编码OFDM方案不仅误码性能良好,且具有系统实现复杂度低、接收机结构简单等优点。     

基于分群子载波空时频MIMO-OFDM信道估计

针对空时频编码的MIMO-OFDM系统,根据子信道相关特性确定子载波分群,该文提出了独立子群导频法的信道估计处理策略,并将导频序列由空、频两域扩展到空、时、频域,能进一步提高估计精度。理论分析和计算机仿真表明,在频率选择性衰落信道下,基于空时频的独立子群导频法在较低运算复杂度下可以获得信道估计性能的明显改善。     

空时编码多载波码分多址MIMO系统下行频率选择性信道盲估计

基于子空间方法的无线信道盲估计由于其算法的固有特性,使得估计结果与实际信道之间存在一个不确定复系数,无法得到无线信道的精确估计。在利用子空间分解方法对空时编码多输入多输出MC-CDMA系统下行频率选择性信道盲估计的基础上,利用发射符号的有限码集特性,将单载波系统下的模糊复系数盲辨识方法推广到多载波多输入多输出系统,从而得到信道的精确估计。Monte-Carlo仿真表明,在信噪比较低的情况下,本方法的信道估计误差仍然较小。     

浅析频率选择性信道中的微分空时编码

本文介绍了两种空-时传输机制,通过在频率选择性衰落信道上使用两根传输天线,来得到全速率和全分集非相干性.第一种机制结合了频域的OFDM微分空-时分组编码;第二种机制采用微分反时空-时分组编码,这样可以保证在不需要当前过采样或多根接收天线的情况下保证盲信道估计.     

相关信道下空时分组编码性能研究

主要研究了信道的相关性对空时编码性能的影响。理论上,把V.Tarokh给出的独立信道情况下的性能界推广到实际相关信道下,得到了信道一定相关特性下系统的性能界,通过仿真得出了一定结论。     

单载波MIMO对流层散射系统的信道估计

针对对流层散射信道的频率选择性,提出了一种基于训练序列的单载波空时分组编码(Space Time Block Code,STBC)系统的信道估计算法。首先建立了单载波空时分组编码系统的系统模型,确定了发送分组结构和接收技术;接着提出了信道估计算法,并讨论该算法中Chu序列的最优性;最后通过仿真分析了信道估计算法的性能和效率。     

频率选择性信道下多节点放大转发协作通信中的信道估计方法

针对频率选择性信道下基于正交频分复用(OFDM,orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)技术的多节点放大转发(AF,amplify-and-forward)协作通信,提出了一种基于训练序列的最小二乘信道估计方法,推导出其均方误差性能的下界并给出了相应的最优训练序列方案.同时,该方法选取经功率分配优化后具有恒幅特性的Chu序列作为训练序列,实现了多节点AF协作通信中信道估计的最小均方误差.仿真结果证实了该信道估计方法在多节点AF协作通信环境下的有效性以及所提最优训练序列方案在系统性能上的优越性.     

频率选择信道下的空时分组码盲识别

在单接收天线下,针对频率选择性衰落信道下空时分组码( STBC)的盲识别问题,提出了一种基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov( K-S)检测的有效算法。该算法以经验累积分布函数作为特征函数,通过K-S检测经验累积分布函数之间的距离,达到识别空时分组码的目的。在不同调制方式、采样因子和置信区间的条件下分别对算法进行仿真并讨论其性能,结果表明,该算法性能较好,在信噪比大于6 dB时可达到90%以上的正确识别概率,在非合作通信方面具有一定的实用价值。     

Orthogonal superimposed training design for block transmission over frequency‐selective fading channels

Channel estimation for single‐carrier block transmission over frequency‐selective fading channel using superimposed training is addressed. A novel affine precoding model based on orthogonal polyphase sequence set is designed to decouple channel estimation from symbol detection. The orthogonal constraints on the training and precoding matrices ensure the separation of superimposed signals and accurate channel estimation with less training overheads as compared with time‐multiplexed scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits good performance and outperforms another data‐dependent superimposed training scheme, especially for compact constellations or channel with long delay‐spread. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Equalization and semi-blind channel estimation for space-time block coded signals over a frequency-selective fading channel

In this paper, we investigate the equalization and channel identification for space-time block coded signals over a frequency-selective multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. The equalization has been considered by taking into account the cyclostationarity of space-time block coded signals. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) solutions have been derived for the linear and decision feedback (DF) equalizers. The channel estimation is required for the equalization. With known symbols (as pilot symbols), MIMO channels can be estimated. In addition, due to the redundancy induced by space-time block code, it is possible to identify MIMO channels blindly using the subspace method. We consider both blind and semi-blind channel estimation for MIMO channels. It is shown that the semi-blind channel estimate has fewer estimation errors, and it results in less (bit error rate) performance degradation of the MMSE linear and DF equalizers.     

Iterative EM receiver for space-time coded systems in MIMO frequency-selective fading channels with channel gain and order estimation

An iterative receiver for a space-time trellis coded system in frequency-selective fading channel is proposed. It performs channel gain estimation and sequence detection by using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Channel order estimation is included in the receiver to avoid unnecessary trellis computations by using the conditional model order estimator (CME). In addition, three modifications to the original CME criterion are proposed to improve the estimation accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver has a slight degradation in frame error rate performance to the known channel maximum likelihood receiver. Moreover, it outperforms the conventional fixed long-tap length EM receiver with a lesser complexity. Furthermore, the proposed modifications to the CME criterion improve the channel order estimation accuracy, thus minimizing unnecessary computations.     

Nakagami-m衰落信道下空时分组码的性能估计

基于等效单输入单输出SISO (Single-input Single-output) 模型,利用矩量母函数 (MGF) 分析法,空时分组码STBC (Space-Time Block Coding) 的误符号率是可以得到其准确闭式表达式的.对于独立同分布Nakagami-m衰落信道下的空时分组码的性能进行了研究,给出了采用M-PSK 和M-QAM调制方案的不同空时分组编码矩阵误符号率的闭式解以及基于闭式解的解析性能结果,通过蒙特卡洛仿真验证了闭式解的准确性.还从调制方案的角度对于几种新的空时分组码的性能进行了一些新的讨论.     

(Semi-)blind channel estimation for space time block coded system with transmit diversity

This paper deals with a blind channel estimation method for space-time coded block transmission system. By concatenating the real part and imaginary part of the received signal to form an elongated vector, we derive an equivalent input–output system model. Then channel state information (CSI) is blindly estimated using subspace method, utilizing only the redundancy inherent in space-time block coding (STBC) and cyclic prefix (CP). The estimation ambiguity, which is common to all blind methods, is analyzed in detail and we prove that there only exist four scalar indeterminacies. Three effective methods to eliminate the ambiguities are also proposed. Compared with other blind channel estimation methods for space time systems, this method needs neither redundant precoding nor oversampling, and thus has higher data rate. Besides, this method is robust to channel order overestimation, which is effectively demonstrated by numerical simulations. This work was supported by NSFC (60496310, 60672093), NSFJS(BK2005061) and BK2005061.     

CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR ITERATIVE DECODING OVER FADING CHANNELS

A method of coherent detection and channel estimation for punctured convolutional coded binary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals transmitted over a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels used for a digital radio broadcasting transmission is presented.Some known symbols are inserted in the encoded data stream to enhance the channel estimation process.The puilot symbols are used to replace the existing parity symbols so no bandwidth expansion is required.An iterative algorithm that uses decoding information as well as the information contained in the known symbols is used to improve the channel parameter estimate.The scheme complexity grows exponentially with the channel estimation filter length,The performance of the system is compared for a normalized fading rate with both perfect coherent detection(Corresponding to a perfect knowledge of the fading process and noise variance)and differential detection of Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (DAPSK).The tradeoff between simplicity of implementation and bit-error-rate performance of different techniques is also compared.     

Concatenated space-time block coding with trellis coded modulation in fading channels

Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is a bandwidth efficient transmission scheme that can achieve high coding gain by integrating coding and modulation. This paper presents an analytical expression for the error event probability of concatenated space-time block coding with TCM which reveals some dominant factors affecting the system performance over slow fading channels when perfect interleavers are used. This leads to establishing the design criteria for constructing the optimal trellis codes of such a concatenated system over slow flat fading channels. Through simulation, significant performance improvement is shown to be obtained by concatenating the interleaved streams of these codes with space-time block codes over fading channels. Simulation results also demonstrate that these trellis codes have better error performance than traditional codes designed for single-antenna Gaussian or fading channels. Performance results over quasi-static fading channels without interleaving are also compared in this paper. Furthermore, it is shown that concatenated space-time block coding with TCM (with/without interleaving) outperforms space-time trellis codes under the same spectral efficiency, trellis complexity, and signal constellation.