Characteristic analysis and trial manufacture of permanent‐magnetic type linear generator

This paper describes the design and trial manufacture of a linear generator which can convert any mechanical vibration of an automobile to electrical energy. A mover, which includes permanent magnets, is linearly driven through a stator by vibrations. The Nd‐Fe‐B magnets in the mover are placed facing the same magnetic poles in order to produce a change of magnetic flux in the coils of the stator. The coils are placed in the stator with the same intervals as the magnets. Successive coils are wound in opposite directions and are connected in series. A magnetic iron core covering the stator makes the magnetic flux extend through the case and reduces flux canceling in the coils of the stator. The distribution of the magnetic field, the electromotive force, and the driven power of the mover were calculated by numerical simulations in order to determine the size of the linear generator. A linear generator and experimental apparatus were built on the basis of the simulation. The performance characteristics were tested in experiments, and the produced linear generator was confirmed to be useful as an onboard auxiliary power supply. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 94– 100, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20751     

基于Halbach阵列的斥力型磁悬浮模型有限元分析

针对传统斥力型磁悬浮系统永磁部分磁密利用率低、悬浮高度不高、悬浮力小等问题,引入Halbach永磁阵列,对传统模型进行改进,其主要思想是在不改变模型材料与尺寸的前提下,将传统模型底部主磁环设计为Halbach阵列,利用Halbach阵列单边磁场的特点,提高底部主磁环的磁场利用率。分析结果表明,Halbach斥力型磁悬浮模型的磁场分布强度比传统模型大将近2倍;对于相同的悬浮高度,Halbach阵列结构模型的悬浮力明显高于传统模型,悬浮高度越低,二者的差异越大;对于同样重量的悬浮物,Halbach阵列结构可以获得更大的悬浮气隙。研究结果为斥力型磁悬浮模型的结构尺寸优化和悬浮控制提供依据。     

直线同步电机的磁场与力特性分析

本文通过合理的假设，建立了直线同步电动机的磁场分析模型，在此模型的基础上，运用基本的电磁场理论，经推导得到了直线同步电机电磁场的解析表达式以及驱动力和悬浮力的表达式。经过实验的验证，与实验值基本吻合，并对实验结果进行了分析。     

永磁直线同步电机解析分析及有限元验证

针对永磁直线同步电动机具有边端效应、气隙不均匀、气隙磁场分布复杂、永久磁极几何尺寸难以确定的问题,给出了单段永磁直线同步电动机气隙磁场的二维解析分析,讨论了电机的各主要尺寸参数对气隙磁场和性能的影响,提出了永久磁极的设计原则和计算公式,分析了考虑饱和影响、计及边端效应时分段式永磁直线同步电动机的非线性、不对称、变化的自...     

等间距磁极分段PMLSM磁场及其磁阻力分析

为减小永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)的磁阻力,提高其稳定运行性能,依据PMLSM结构特点,采用对每极下永磁体等分段后再等间距依次排列方法减小磁阻力.建立磁极分段的解析模型,用解析法计算等间距磁极分段时的气隙磁密,分析分段数与气隙磁密之间的关系.确定合理的磁极分段数与电机齿槽力之间的关系,使不同磁极分段产生的齿槽力相互抵消来减小齿槽力,在此基础上,通过在电枢端部特定位置处添加辅助极铁心方法来补偿端部力.有限元结果分析表明,合理选择分段数可使齿槽力明显减小,且使端部力有一定程度减小,进一步采用辅助极后,很好地消弱了端部力.     

磁悬浮列车中直线发电机感应电动势的计算

对磁悬浮列车中，利用气隙磁场的一阶、二阶齿谐波发电的直线发电机进行了理论分析，导出了直线发电机电枢绕组在两种连接方案下感应电动势瞬时值表达式，继而导出了满足一阶齿谐波感应电动势同相位的条件，为磁悬浮列车中的直线发电机的设计提供了理论依据。     

磁悬浮系统的哈密顿建模和无源控制

针对磁悬浮系统非线性特点,采用端口受控哈密顿系统理论与无源性控制原理研究磁悬浮系统的建模和控制。将磁悬浮看作能量变换装置,从能量平衡角度推导出单自由度磁悬浮系统的端口受控哈密顿模型。在哈密顿结构基础上,引入结构互联和阻尼配置,给出闭环系统期望的哈密顿函数,设计了磁悬浮系统的无源控制器。设计中直接采用哈密顿函数作为存贮函数,保证了数学严密性,且使系统在满足无源性的条件下达到要求的性能,具有明确的物理意义。仿真结果表明,系统能够快速响应,并且对负载的变化具有很强的抗干扰性能。     

永磁直线同步电机出入端磁阻力齿槽分量分析

采用有限元法及间接法对PMLSM的动子在出入端时的磁阻力的齿槽分量进行分析.实际物理模型的初级铁心被分解为不含齿槽和包含齿槽但不包括端部的两FEA模型;采用间接法研究PMLSM原始模型及改变PMLSM的端部半填槽槽形后对电机动子在出入端处磁阻力齿槽分量的影响和变化规律.将分析结果与实验数据进行了比较,验证了方法的正确性及有效性,为PMLSM的性能研究及电机设计提供了理论.     

Relationship between magnetic poles and characteristics of revolving permanent‐magnet type magnet wheels

The authors earlier proposed a revolving permanent‐magnet type wheel called the “magnet wheel,” which has the functions of both induction repulsive magnetic levitation and thrust. In this paper, the relationship between magnetic poles and lift force or thrust characteristics is examined to investigate the performance. Five types of magnet wheels are discussed in an experimental study and four more types are used in a theoretical study with three‐dimensional numerical analysis. The following parameters are considered: magnetomotive force (mmf) of a permanent magnet; thickness of the magnet in the magnetizing direction; total volume of magnets; fundamental factor; distortion factor of the space mmf distribution of poles; pole pitch; diameter of magnet wheel; mechanical clearance; and thickness and resistivity of conducting plate. The results show the following: 1. The lift force per unit of magnet volume is approximately proportional to the fundamental factor of the space mmf distribution of the poles. A low degree space harmonic mmf is effective in increasing lift force. 2. The driving power per unit of lift force is almost entirely independent of the configuration of the primary member, including pole arrangement and position relative to the secondary conducting plate, respectively, and depends only on the resistance of the conducting plate. 3. In both the “partial‐overlap type” and “tilt type” magnet wheels, many poles with sufficiently large pole pitch are useful. In the tilt type the use of a small tilt angle is desirable. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 128(4): 111–120, 1999     

混合磁悬浮系统电磁装置的温度计算与降温处理

电磁装置的发热问题是影响磁悬浮系统工作稳定的重要因素之一,本文首先分析了装置的发热机理,采用ANSYS软件建立电磁装置的三维有限元模型,并将装置中动铁芯随大轴旋转时与空气产生的风摩擦损耗包含在模型中.通过瞬态仿真分析,计算出电磁装置的温度分布及温度随时间的变化趋势,由计算结果发现电磁装置长期运行后其内部温度较高,超出了系统内部正常工作的温升允许范围.继而提出冷却方案,即采用冷却管进行散热,并初步设计冷却管的安装位置、形状、参数等.最后进行仿真计算,结果表明其冷却效果非常明显,符合温升允许要求.热分析中计及了热参数随温升的变化.     

Fundamental characteristics and 3D electromagnetic analysis for magnetic levitation transporter using YBCO superconductors

A magnetic levitation device with two‐dimensional movement, the so‐called “levitating X‐Y transporter,” has been developed. In order to develop a working levitating X‐Y transporter, it is necessary to clarify the levitation characteristics, such as the lift force, levitation height, and stability against mechanical disturbances. In this paper, we examine the lift and the restoring force experimentally and propose a new simulation program based on the three‐dimensional hybrid finite and boundary element method to analyze the dynamic behavior of electromagnetic characteristics of YBCO bulk. Using the numerical simulation and experiments, we investigated a suitable arrangement of permanent magnets to enhance the levitation characteristics. We also designed a levitating transporter which can carry a load of 200 kg with a gap of 16 mm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 44–54, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20220     

Analysis of magnetic bearing using inductive levitation by relative motion between magnet and conductor

In chemical plants, an anticorrosion magnetic drive pump is commonly used to deliver corrosive chemical liquids because of its high anticorrosion performance. However, when bubbles enter the chemical pump and accumulate between the shaft and the bearing, the shaft is often broken by thermal shock. The magnetic bearing which holds the rotor in noncontact has the advantage of avoiding thermal shock and keeping the rotor in a stable state by restoring force induced from the eddy current in the conductor. A model of magnetic bearing was analyzed using the three‐dimensional finite element method. In this model, a restoring force of 68.6 N and a braking torque of 8.7 N‐m were found. The locus of the rotation axis was also estimated using a radial load and a drag coefficient. The rotor may be located inside the movable range. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 80–87, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20652     

无轴承绕线型异步电机瞬态响应的有限元分析及实验研究

无轴承电机集磁性悬浮与转矩驱动于一体,具有无摩擦、无磨损、无损耗、免维修、寿命长等独特优点,从根本上改变了传统的支承与传动形式.该文介绍一种无轴承绕线型异步电机,通过瞬态有限元分析法(TFEM)计算其径向力和转矩的瞬态响应,结果表明该无轴承电机可以同时产生支承转子重量的稳定径向力与恒定转矩,且其控制电流相互独立,与鼠笼型转子无轴承异步电机相比,前者能够产生更有效的径向力,且转矩不受径向力绕组电流干扰;并在基于SVM-DTC的磁悬浮异步电机悬浮子系统独立控制实验平台上加以测试,结果表明该系统能够实现了无轴承绕线型异步电动稳定悬浮.     

A design of magnetic shielding for a superconducting magnetically levitated train

For EDS-type magnetically levitated trains, magnetic shielding of stray fields produced by superconducting magnets is an important task. We seek the “optimal” thickness distribution (configuration) of magnetic material, which is the lightest and keeps the magnetic field at tolerable levels in the vehicle. In many cases, trial-and-error methods have been adopted for this purpose. In this paper, we propose a new method for preliminary design of the magnetic shielding. In this method, we simplify the magnetic shielding problem, assuming infinite permeability of the magnetic material, and calculate the magnetic flux going into or out of the shield surface. In this case, we can design an optimal magnetic shield (distribution and configuration of the magnetic material) and know the minimum weight of the magnetic shielding. We finally present an example of the magnetic shielding designed by this method and investigate its characteristics in a magnetically levitated train. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 124(1): 42–54, 1998     

Improvement of levitation characteristics in a magnetic bearing system using HTSC‐permanent magnet hybrid structure

Magnetic bearing using pinning force of a permanent magnet and a high‐temperature superconductor has been developed. Additional permanent magnet is introduced to increase the levitation force of the magnetic bearing. In this hybrid magnetic bearing system, levitation force is mainly given by the repulsive force of the permanent magnets, and stability for the lateral direction is given by pinning force of the superconductor. The experimental device is developed. A ring‐type superconductor and a bulk one are examined. Levitation characteristics of the hybrid magnetic bearing are measured. The bulk superconductor shows better characteristics of both levitation and lateral stability than the ring one. Levitation force of the hybrid system becomes about twice as large as that of the nonhybrid one. Although, the repulsive force of the permanent magnet decreases the lateral stability of the system, its influence becomes small by choosing an adequate position of the permanent magnets and the superconductor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 71–77, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10350     

基于电势法求解稀土永磁电机的同步电抗

本文运用有限元方法分析一台800W稀土永磁同步电动机内部电磁场的分布情况,并在传统的计算电枢反应电抗的基础上提出了一种基于电势平衡方程式的计算方法,本文称之为"电势法".文章还运用直接负载法测定出样机在不同负载下的同步电抗参数,验证了"电势法"的正确性.     

直线感应电机间接磁场定向悬浮牵引联合控制

基于气隙磁密分析,建立了适用于间隙变化的直线感应电机动态数学模型以及推力和法向力表达式.针对直线感应电机的运行状况,分析了法向力的排斥力分量和吸引力分量的特点,提出了一种新颖的基于间接次级磁场定向的推力、法向力独立控制策略.仅仅依靠单边直线感应电动机,实现了静态和动态稳定悬浮、以及悬浮状态下的稳定牵引运动,并在一台直线感应电机模型车辆上进行了实验.实验结果表明,提出的解耦控制方案对直线感应电机的悬浮牵引联合控制具有良好的效果.     

电磁电动式磁悬浮装置的磁场分析和力特性研究

针对目前电磁式磁悬浮无法实现静止悬浮,为实现静止稳定磁悬浮的问题,提出旋转磁场电动式磁悬浮装置方案,该装置通过在初级绕组中通入三相交变电流产生圆周运动的交变磁场,与其在次级导体中感应出的涡流磁场相互作用产生悬浮力,能够在装置静止的条件下实现稳定的悬浮.为准确分析装置力特性,建立悬浮装置的多层分环电磁模型对磁场分布求解,并直接利用磁场分析所得的磁场分布结果求解次级悬浮力和水平转矩,给出磁悬浮装置的力特性与其参数的关系;建立有限元模型,分析得出了系统的磁场分布,电磁力等的分析结果;搭建了实验平台对永磁电动式系统的基本特性进行研究,主要是悬浮力和转矩的测试;利用有限元计算和样机实验验证了理论分析和计算结果.     

圆筒永磁直线同步电机磁场和推力分析

针对轴向磁化圆筒永磁直线同步电机,提出一种基于圆柱坐标的标量磁位分离变量法的磁场解析计算方法,并利用该解析法对无槽电机的气隙磁场分布进行理论分析,得出气隙磁场的轴向和径向磁场分布的解析结果,并解析计算了电机的推力。利用有限元数值计算法对磁场和推力结果进行验证。结果表明,该电机气隙磁场的两种计算方法的结果误差很小,验证了标量磁位分离变量法解析计算气隙磁场及电磁推力的正确性和实用性。给出实验样机的径向磁场分布实验结果,磁密实测值与计算值一致,用负载传感器对电机额定负载的推力进行了实测,验证了样机分析和设计的正确性。     

直线压缩机用无内定子动磁式直线振荡电机的建模与分析

针对直线压缩机要求结构紧凑及力特性好的特点,提出一种新型动磁式直线振荡电机.该电机具有无需内定子、动子质量轻、加工难度小及力特性平稳等优点.在分析电机运行原理的基础上,建立了该电机的等效磁路模型,并推导了气隙磁链、电磁推力及电感的解析表达式.为验证等效磁路模型的正确性,建立了电机准二维有限元模型,并对电机气隙磁场分布及力特性进行了深入分析.实际加工了一台实验样机并进行了静态推力实验,样机测试结果、有限元分析结果和磁路分析结果较好吻合,证明了所建模型的正确性.