UOP开发用异戊烷脱氢制TAME

LIOP公司开发了一种用异戊烷生产叔-戊基甲基醚(TAME)的Oletlex脱氢技术。TAME是比汽油掺混剂MTBE更有吸引力的代用品,但异戊烷的价格高于丁烷。尽管如此,由于TAME的Reid蒸汽压比MTBE的低,因此,此产品对炼油厂更有吸引力,所以,UOP公司开发研究了用异戊烷脱氢制TAME的技术。     

甲基叔戊基醚的市场开发前景广阔

甲基叔戊基醚（ TAME）和甲基叔丁基醚（ MTBE）均为燃料醚， MTBE是人们最为熟悉的燃料醚，从 1997年美国环保局（ EPA）批准其在无铅汽油中使用以来，已在美国的调合汽油中使用，而欧洲从 1973年起在汽油中使用。 　　TAME具有 MTBE的所有优点，甚至更类似于汽油。在所有的醚中， TAME在环保方面作用最大，它能减少尾气排放污染，并将汽油中某些易挥发的反应性高的 C5烯烃转化成 RVP非常低的燃烧洁净的醚。由于添加 TAME可降低汽油的 RVP，这就使炼油厂在今后满足 RVP的控制规定方面有更大的灵活性，调入汽油的量更多…     

页岩油含酚废水萃取过程的模拟研究

油页岩热解过程中产生大量的高质量浓度含酚废水无法排放,文中采用溶剂萃取法,以甲基叔戊基醚(TAME)为溶剂,针对页岩油含酚废水的处理进行初步研究.通过实验和Aspen Plus软件模拟相结合来考察TAME的萃取脱酚性能,研究了不同温度和相比条件下错、逆流萃取流程的分离性能.结果表明:TAME的脱酚能力很强,对苯酚的分配...     

MTBE/TAME

应 用 MTBE/TAME的价值很高,这就为采用先进的MTBE/TAME装置控制和最佳化技     

在TAME裂解反应中HPW改性NiSO_4/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的酸性研究

研究了自制固体酸催化剂HPW-NiSO_4/γ-Al_2O_3在甲基叔戊基醚(TAME)裂解制备异戊烯反应中的应用。结果表明,用HPW改性的NiSO_4/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂能够使TAME的转化率达99%以上,且无二甲醚生成。通过XRD、NH3-TPD和FTIR对该催化剂进行表征,结果表明,HPW、NiSO_4高度分散在载体表面且具有良好的催化稳定性,催化剂上含有B酸、L酸,合适的CB/CL能促进TAME裂解和抑制副产物二甲醚生成。     

降低异戊烯装置TAME中杂质含量

通过源头控制减少其他碳五的带入照：原料净化,减少醚化反应物料中的杂质;优化工艺操作等,可减少TAMZ中的杂质,以保证TAME产品质量和TAME裂解生产异戊烯时异戊烯的产品质量。     

优良的汽油调合组分——甲基叔丁基醚

环境保护的需要，许多国家都相继对汽油的使用标准进行立法，使用清洁汽油。MTBE，TAME等醚类产品是二十一世纪清洁汽油最理想的稳定剂，近期内尚无其它产品可以取代。     

甲基叔戊基醚裂解催化剂的催化性能

介绍了SPC-01型催化剂在甲基叔戊基醚(TAME)裂解生产异戊烯中的工业应用。该催化剂具有良好的活性和稳定性,TAME转化率和异戊烯的选择性均超过99%。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和孔结构分析对新鲜的和从装置卸出的催化剂进行表征,并对催化剂活性下降的机理进行了讨论。结果表明,在长周期运行中,催化剂比表面下降、结焦和酸性的损失是导致催化剂活性降低的主要原因,最后提出了TAME裂解催化剂的改进方向。     

谈谈C5的综合利用

本文简单地介绍了C5的产量和现状。主要讨论了C5综合利用，其中包括C5生产TAME、石油树脂、叔戊醇、加氢制戊烷、在超强酸条件合成金刚烷和某厂利用C5流程图。C5资源的合理利用不仅是有效利用石油资源的组成部分，也是改善产品结构，提高产品质量、增加企业效益的重要途径之一。     

国外利用汽油轻组分进行醚化的开发和应用

1 前言 当前世界各国对环保问题更加关注,对汽油质量的要求越来越高,把汽油中的轻组分(C_5、C_6烯烃)转化为挥发性更低、辛烷值更高并且含氧的燃料组分是必然的选择。自联邦德国石油化学公司1982年首先开始工业试验装置的研究工作以来,世界上已有10多家公司报道了他们在醚化工艺的开发和应用情况。10多年来,叔戊基甲基醚(TAME)的开发和应用有了很大的进展,据有关资料报道,1993年美国TAME生产能力已达40多万t,其余国家的生产能力总     

Synthesis of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME): Equilibrium of the multiple reactions

The octane enhancer tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) is produced by liquid phase synthesis from methanol and a mixture of isoamylenes, namely 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene, using a sulfonic acid ion exchange resin as catalyst. Three reactions take place simultaneously in TAME synthesis: etherification of the two methylbutenes and their isomerisation. In order to study the equilibrium of the multiple reactions in TAME synthesis, the thermodynamic properties of the compounds in the liquid phase and equilibrium constants were calculated using a modified UNIFAC method to describe the nonideality of the system. Four parameters influencing the equilibrium conversion were derived and discussed in detail. Supplemental experiments were performed at three temperatures in the range from 303 to 343 K and at different initial molar ratios of educts. Equilibrium conversions of methanol were determined from these experiments and compared with calculated values. At 298 K the predicted activity based equilibrium constant was 22.9 for TAME synthesis from 2-methyl-1-butene and 1.6 for TAME synthesis from 2-methyl-2-butene; for isomerisation of 2-methyl-1-butene to 2-methyl-2-butene a value of 14.3 was obtained.     

利用C_5开发叔戊基甲醚

介绍了利用C_5生产汽油抗爆剂叔戊基甲醚的工艺进程。其中KOCH公司开发的催化蒸馏工艺是目前最先进的工艺。我国当前尚未有工业化生产叔戊基甲醚的装置。利用流化催化裂化C_5生产叔戊基甲醚是急待开发的课题。     

Multiple Analysis in a Reactive Distillation Column for the Synthesis of tert‐Amyl Methyl Ether

tert‐Amyl methyl ether (TAME) is produced via reactive distillation. A simulation is set up and controlled on Aspen HYSYS v 8.0 for generating the highest purity of TAME. This simulation includes a plug‐flow reactor and a reactive distillation column. Emphasis was put on finding the optimal operating conditions of the reactive distillation column in order to get the maximum purity of TAME. The operational parameters were reflux ratio, number of reactive stages in the distillation column, and condenser pressure. The results indicated the optimal reflux ratio and condenser pressure which could be adapted to industrial scale.     

利用C5馏分生产TAME的现状及展望

甲基叔戊基醚（ＴＡＭＥ） 由Ｃ５ 馏分中的异戊烯和甲醇反应制得。介绍了国外ＣＤＴＥＣＨ、ＵＯＰ、ＩＦＰ、ＡＲＣＯ、ＳＮＡＭ、ＮＥＳＴＥ等公司的ＴＡＭＥ工艺技术,其中,催化蒸馏工艺是最先进的。还介绍了国内的ＴＡＭＥ研究及开发情况。目前,国内的ＴＡＭＥ 还处于起步阶段,只有抚顺建有一套催化裂化轻汽油醚化工业化装置。利用Ｃ５ 馏分合成ＴＡＭＥ 是急待研究、开发的课题。     

A Calcium(II)-Based <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Arginine for ATP Binding and Hydrolysis

The supramolecular recognition of Ca(II) and N _α-4-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (TAME) with ATP were investigated using ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectra. In the Ca(II)–ATP–TAME ternary system, Ca²⁺ and TAME bind with ATP via the phosphate chain and adenine ring of ATP. The binding forces are mainly electrostatic and cation (Ca²⁺)–π and π–π stacking interaction. Furthermore, the hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by Ca(II) and TAME was studied at pH 7.0 and 60 °C using ³¹P NMR spectra. Kinetics studies show that the ATP hydrolysis rate constant is 0.1035 h⁻¹ in the Ca(II)–TAME–ATP ternary system, whereas the value is 8.5 × 10⁻³ h⁻¹ under the same conditions without TAME and Ca²⁺. The Ca(II) ions and TAME accelerate the ATP hydrolysis process about 12-fold. The proposed mechanism of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by Ca²⁺–TAME occurs through an addition–elimination reaction sequence. These results can help us get more useful information at the molecular level about the key amino acid residue(s) and metal ions that serve as cofactors in the ATPase effect on ATP hydrolysis/synthesis.     

Entwicklung petrochemischer Verfahren vom Laborversuch zur kommerziellen Anlage

Development of a petrochemical process from laboratory scale tests to a commercial plant. A plant producing TAME (tertiary amyl methyl ether) and isoamylene serves as an example illustrating the development of a petrochemical process from laboratory scale tests to a commercial size plant. TAME is an anti-knock compound used in unleaded gasoline, and isoamylene is a multi-purpose specialty chemical. In an introduction, the laboratory and pilot plants at EC Erdoelchemie GmbH in Cologne, Germany are presented. Subsequently the main process engineering developments made through experience gained with a semicommercial demonstration plant are discussed. These include optimization of the reactors, design of a methanol extraction unit, and the separation of TAME and high purity isoamylene in specially designed distillation towers. The high degree of coordination during the experimental testing phase to match the requirements of the basic and detail engineering allowed the commercial plant to be started up without expensive modifications within 4 years. The resulting savings overcompensate the costs of the semicommercial plant.     

甲基叔戊基醚合成新工艺

采用离子交换树脂催化剂对甲基叔戊基醚的合成工艺进行了系统的研究，取得了较佳的工艺条件，并进行了调合性能的考察，汽车辛烷值得提高。