Polytype target coverage scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks using linear programming

Sensing coverage is one of fundamental problems in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the polytype target coverage problem in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks where each sensor is equipped with multiple sensing units and each type of sensing unit can sense an attribute of multiple targets. How to schedule multiple sensing units of a sensor to cover multiple targets becomes a new challenging problem. This problem is formulated as an integer linear programming problem for maximizing the network lifetime. We propose a novel energy‐efficient target coverage algorithm to solve this problem based on clustering architecture. Being aware of the coverage capability and residual energy of sensor nodes, the clusterhead node in each cluster schedules the appropriate sensing units of sensor nodes that are in the active status to cover multiple targets in an optimal way. Extensive simulations have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种二阶锥规划通带线性相位FIR滤波器的设计

在有限冲激响应（Finite Impulse Response,FIR）滤波器设计中,如果系统只要求通带或某个频域区间具有线性相位而其他频域区间相位非线性,则系数对称的FIR滤波器设计方法不再适用。为此,提出了一种基于二阶锥规划（Second-Order Cone Programming,SOCP）的通带线性相位FIR滤波器设计方法。该方法使用二阶锥规划实现滤波器设计,其中优化目标为通带最小群延迟,约束条件为全频域振幅误差。实验结果显示,所提方法设计的FIR滤波器有着很好的幅频特性和通带线性相位,通带群延迟误差很小。该方法实现简单,计算复杂度低,可以广泛应用于数字信号处理领域。     

FBG轴向非均匀应变分布的遗传规划重构方法

针对现有的光纤Bragg光栅轴向非均匀重构方法需预先对应变分布形式做假设而实际结构中应变分布是任意的这一问题,基于新兴的遗传规划(GP)算法,提出一种重构FBG轴向非均匀应变分布的方法,利用GP自动设计并优化应变分布的函数表达式,使应变重构的空间分辨率可以达到任意值。多种应变分布形式下的应变重构仿真结果表明,GP方法可以有效地进行光栅轴向非均匀应变分布的连续重构,精度和计算效率较现有方法有明显提高。     

氮化硅薄膜MIM电容器的制备与性能研究

在被釉氧化铝陶瓷基片上,采用真空电阻蒸发法和等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备了Au/NiCr电极薄膜及氮化硅(SiNx)介质薄膜,并对薄膜进行光刻图形化,制成了Au/NiCr/SiNx/Au/NiCr结构的MIM电容器。研究了所制电容器的介电性能、介温性能和I-V特性等电学性能。结果表明:所得MIM电容器具有很低的介电损耗(1MHz时tanδ为0.00192)及很高的电压稳定性;在–55～+150℃的范围内其1MHz时的电容温度系数为258×10–6/℃;另外,其I-V特性曲线显示出较好的对称性,漏电流密度较低,可承受较高的电压。     

模糊线性规划饲料配方模型的建立与应用

规划技术在工业生产、交通、化工和航天等领域等得到广泛应用.作者根据动物生长发育规律特点,建立了饲料配方模糊线性规划模型.在原有工作基础上研制了新一代饲料配方优化软件.该软件较国内外其它同类系统增加了模糊线性规划优化手段.与普通线性规划和目标规划技术相比,模糊线性规划可进一步降低饲料配方成本.本文对三种模型应用结果进行了比较和分析.     

A LP-based Admission Control Using Artificial Neural Networks for Integrated Services in Mobile Networks

In mobile networks the traffic fluctuation is unpredictable dueto mobility and varying resource requirements of multimedia applications.Henceit is essential to maintain the traffic within the network capacity to providethe service guarantees to running applications. Thispaper proposes an Admission Control (AC) scheme in a single mobile cellularenvironment supporting real-time and non-real-time application traffic. In thecase of a real-time and non-real-time multimedia applications, eachapplication has its own distinct range of acceptable Quality of Service (QoS)requirements(e.g., packet loss, delay, jitter, etc.). The network provides the service bymaintaining the application specified QoS range. We propose a LinearProgrammingResource Reduction (LP-RR) principle for admission control by maintainingQoSguarantees to existing applications and to increase the percentage ofadmissionto real-time and non-real-time applications. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)are used to solve linear programming problem, which facilitates an on-lineadmissioncontrol decision in the practical systems.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed AC schemeperforms well in terms of admitted applications and maintains lower percentageof rejection to hand-off and new applications of different traffic classes.The suggested principle also shown that it is appropriate for the fairresourceallocation with improved resource utilization.     

The investigation of DARC etch back in DRAM capacitor oxide mask opening

Opening the silicon oxide mask of a capacitor in dynamic random access memory is a critical process on a capacitive coupled plasma (CCP) etch tool.Three steps,dielectric anti-reflective coating (DARC) etch back,silicon oxide etch and strip,are contained.To acquire good performance,such as low leakage current and high capacitance,for further fabricating capacitors,we should firstly optimize DARC etch back.We developed some experiments,focusing on etch time and chemistry,to evalu-ate the profile of a silicon oxide mask,DARC remain and critical dimension.The result shows that etch back time should be con-trolled in the range from 50 to 60 s,based on the current equipment and condition.It will make B/T ratio higher than 70％ mean-while resolve the DARC remain issue.We also found that CH2F2 flow should be ～15 sccm to avoid reversed CD trend and keep in-line CD.     

一种用于扩频通信系统的CNN多值随机码的研究

该文结合细胞神经网络(CNN)和扩频通信系统(SSS)的特点,利用三细胞CNN混沌产生了用于扩频通信系统的多值随机码,文中给出了码的生成方法并分析了它的性能,仿真结果表明这种码性能优越,能够很好地用于扩频通信系统。     

均匀直线阵的波束形成

简述了单个信号和多个信号进入等距直 (天 )线阵列时波束形成的方法 ,分别用来自不同方向的 4个信号和 5个信号进入七个阵元的阵列进行试验 ,得出了仿真结果     

Non-invasive evaluation of carotid artery wall thickness using improved dynamic programming technique

An improved dynamic programming (DP) segmentation technique for detecting the intima-media layer of the far wall of the common carotid artery (CCA) of longitudinal and transversal ultrasound (US) images using optimal search technique is presented here. The algorithm is developed considering the normalization and smoothing for estimating the intima media thickness (IMT) of the normal and abnormal subjects. The segmentation features of different subjects obtained using the proposed technique have been compared with the manual measurements. The results show that an inter-observer error and a coefficient of variation are found as ±0.035 mm and 3.55%, respectively. The magnitudes of the IMT values have been used to explore the rate of prediction of blockage existing in the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular pathologies, and also hypertension and atherosclerosis.     

A joint TDOA and FDOA estimation algorithm based on second-order cone programming

ABSTRACT

Considering the low estimation accuracy of the traditional interpolation method, this paper, on the basis of second-order cone programming (SOCP), proposes a novel joint time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) estimation interpolation method, which can attain the sub-sample precision. The proposed method uses several discrete samples produced by cross ambiguity function (CAF) to structure the convex optimization models with regard to the interpolation surface. Then, the SOCP is utilized to obtain the interpolation surface which matches the discrete surface of CAF well. Finally, the method achieves the precision superior to the traditional TDOA and FDOA estimation directly through the search for the maximum of the continuous approximate surface. This method decreases the computational load without loss of precision and can efficiently reduce the limitation of finite sampling interval and sampling time in estimation precision. Numerical simulations show that the method in this paper is efficient and outperforms existing interpolation algorithms about estimation precision.     

线列阵目标定位同时跟踪的数学模型

研究了三点等间隔线列阵的目标定位同时跟踪的数学模型,提出了非线性滤波模型;给出了m点线列阵目标定位同时跟踪的数学模型;提出了2m-1点线列阵目标定位同时跟踪的数学模型,模型更为简化;最后,分析了"先定位后跟踪"与"定位同时跟踪"处理途径,提出由纯时延与非线性滤波相结合,为线列阵TMA研究提供了新的途径。     

动态规划算法进行弱目标检测的机理研究

低信杂噪比环境中对弱小目标的检测,已经在信号处理、红外图像序列检测等领域中引起人们的广泛关注。动态规划实际上是一个多阶段决策的优化问题,它是检测前跟踪(TBD)处理过程中提出的一种有效检测弱小运动目标的方法。该文分析了动态规划算法进行弱小目标检测的机理,在此基础上对两类动态规划算法进行了革新,并给出了一个统一的递推关系式。仿真结果表明此算法对弱小目标具有较强的检测能力,比一般的弱目标的检测方法SNR性能上约提高3～5dB。     

VB.NET程序设计课程教学探索与实践

从VB.NET语言的特性出发,在传统VB语言的教学方法基础上,结合笔者的实际教学经验,分析了目前在VB.NET课程教学过程中存在的教学效果不理想的原因。分别从教学方法、教学手段和考核方式等方面提出了在课程教学中的具体应用策略,探索更适合于VB.NET课程的教学方法。     

A new approach to cell size scaling with a multi-dual cell and a buffer/background programming of unified RAM

New investigations are presented here on a high-density and DRAM-like high-speed non-volatile memory (NVM) application of unified RAM (URAM). For a high-density application of URAM, multiple data storage is demonstrated with a multi-dual cell (MDC). Because each NVM state can be split by programming with a one-transistor (1T) DRAM without a capacitor, the total number of memory states can be doubled. Furthermore, a high-speed DRAM-level NVM scheme is proposed for the joint operation of 1T DRAM buffer programming and NVM post-background programming. The MDC and the proposed scheme are unique URAM properties that can extend the application range of memory devices.     

The revisit of QoS routing based on non‐linear Lagrange relaxation

The development of efficient quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms in a high‐speed networking or the next generation IP networking environment is a very important and at the same time very difficult task due to the need to provide divergent services with multiple QoS requirements. Recently, a heuristic algorithm H_MCOP, which is based on a non‐linear Lagrange relaxation (NLR) technique, has been proposed to resolve the contradiction between the time complexity and the quality of solution. Even though H_MCOP has demonstrated outstanding capability of finding feasible solutions to the multi‐path constrained (MCP) problem, it has not exploited the full capability that an NLR‐based technique could offer. In this paper, we propose a new NLR‐based heuristic called NLR_MCP, in which the search process is interpreted from a probability's perspective. Simulation results indicate that NLR_MCP can achieve a higher probability of finding feasible solutions than H_MCOP. We also verify that the performance improvement of a MCP heuristic has a tremendous impact on the performance of a higher level heuristic that uses a MCP heuristic as the basic step. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mutual coupling compensation of linear antenna array using evolutionary optimization technique

This paper presents an optimization-based approach to compensate for the mutual coupling effect and to reduce the sidelobe level (SLL) of the normalized radiation pattern by optimizing the current excitation amplitude of the antenna array elements. Due to the mutual coupling effect, the SLL of the radiation pattern is increased, and thereby, the field pattern of the antenna array is severely degraded. This causes interference with other communication systems working at the same frequency. Toward the compensation of the mutual coupling effect and reduction of SLL, the Cat swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm is employed, and the excitation amplitudes of the antenna elements are optimized. In this regard, optimizing the cost function is defined by introducing the impedance factor (IF), calculated by using the self-impedance and mutual impedance of the antenna elements. The proposed method for the synthesis of a mutually coupled linear antenna array is less expensive, simpler to use, and more effective. Array sets of 4, 6, 8, and 10 elements are considered for optimization.     

Evolutionary optimization for pattern synthesis and reduction of mutual coupling of linear antenna arrays

Optimal design of antenna arrays to minimize the mutual coupling effects in the geometrical arrangements of the linear antenna array (LAA) and circular antenna array (CAA) is dealt with in this work. Two different cases are considered to reduce the effect of LAA and CAA: Case‐1 in which the current excitations of the antenna array are considered to get the optimal radiation pattern of two geometry called LAA and CAA and Case‐2 in which inter‐element spacing and current excitations are both optimized for LAA geometry. A cost function that involves the mutual coupling factor as an optimization factor is developed to reduce the side lobe level (SLL), which takes mutual coupling effects into consideration. Excitation values and inter‐elemental spacing are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO). In LAA, for 8‐, 12‐, 16‐element arrays, SLLs are reduced by ?15.52, ?16.71, and ?17.78 dB in Case‐1. For the same sets of element arrays, SLLs were reduced by ?17.35, ?19.71, and ?20.26 dB in Case‐2. In CAA, the current excitations of the antenna array are optimized. For 8‐, 12‐, and 16‐ element arrays, SLLs are reduced to ?7.405, ?10.52, and ?9.43 dB, respectively. The arrays coded with the help of MATLAB based computation and the results obtained by MATLAB are validated by using CST.     

Topological Design and Lightpath Routing in WDM Mesh Networks: A Combined Approach

Multicommodity flow models are commonly used to formulate the logical topology design (LTD) problem and the lightpath routing (LR) problem as mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems. In general, MILP formulations are intractable even for relatively small networks due to the combinatorial complexity of the problem. In this paper we propose improvements to these models and a method to solve the LTD and the LR problems in a combined manner. The interest is two fold: firstly, by tackling the two problems with separate models, problem instances of realistic size (up to 14 nodes in this paper) can be dealt with. Furthermore, different combinations of optimization models and objective functions can be investigated in a modular manner. Secondly, the mechanisms proposed to combine the problems allow to keep track of the global design problem when solving each individual step.