Hybrid Carrier and Modulation Tracking Loop Performance in RFI

The operation of a hybrid tracking (HT) phase-locked loop (PLL) in radio-frequency interference (RFI) is considered. Results from a perturbation analysis for the loop phase error in continuous-wave (CW) RFI are found to compare favorably with results obtained by digital computer simulation. These results, together with simulation results for wide-band (in comparison to the loop bandwidth) RFI, indicate that loop structures which track both on the signal carrier and modulation components are advantageous in RFI plus Gaussian noise backgrounds.     

Carrier Arraying with Coupled Phase-Locked Loops for Tracking Improvement

This paper considers a system that couples several phaselocked loops (PLL's) to improve carrier tracking performance. The system coherently combines the received carrier signals at geographically separated ground antennas to increase the total effective aperture. It automatically aligns the received carrier's phases to enhance received carrier signal-to-noise ratio. The tracking performance of this system is being assessed in terms of rms phase jitter.     

Tracking Loops for Carrier Reconstruction in Vestigial Sideband (VSB) Suppressed-Carrier Data Transmission

This paper deals with a tracking-loop-type approximation to the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the carrier phase in a suppressed-carrier vestigial sideband (VSB) data-transmission system. Two different tracking loops are considered, the one resembling a Costas loop, the other a data-aided receiver (DAR). The performance of these circuits is analyzed in the presence of thermal noise and intersymbol interference, and the results are compared with those relevant to a conventional scheme wherein a pilot tone is used to reconstruct the carrier at the receiver.     

QPSK扩频调制信号载波跟踪环路设计

扩频接收基带通常需要载波跟踪环来完成本地载波与接收信号载波的同步,科斯塔斯环是常用的非相干载波相位跟踪环,具有较好的鉴相特性。本文基于常规的单路单载波解调的科斯塔斯环原理,对科斯塔斯环做了改进,提出了对双通道平衡QPSK扩频基带所用载波跟踪环科斯塔斯环的改进方法,并推导出环路误差鉴相信号,用Matlab进行了仿真实验,结果证明利用本环路可实现载波稳定跟踪。     

混合载波调制系统中的阈值DFT信道估计算法

传统的DFT信道估计算法复杂度比最小均方误差算法低,并且其性能比最小二乘算法好。但它只消除了循环前缀以外的噪声,对循环前缀以内的噪声并没有进行处理。鉴于该算法的不足,提出了一种混合载波调制下新的阈值DFT信道估计技术,即在循环前缀内设置了阈值,将大于阈值的数据保留,小于阈值的数据置为零,从而抑制循环前缀以内的噪声。仿真结果表明,与传统的DFT信道估计方法相比,提出的算法使循环前缀以内的噪声得到有效抑制,且在不同的调制参数下性能均得到优化。     

Rural Subscriber Loops via Carrier and Radio

Ever since carrier was developed for trunk usage, carrier for subscriber use, either over wire or radio, has been considered as a means for providing telephone service in rural areas. Starting with the Bell System development of its"M"type power line carrier, there have been 34 years of progress and subscriber carrier is now a reality. It is now beginning to become widely accepted in the telephone industry. Every year improvements in the state of the art are made. There is little doubt today that more and more subscriber carrier on wire lines and radio will be used in future years. This concise paper includes the history of the development of subscriber carrier and radio in the Telephone Program of the Rural Electrification Administration (REA). Also, the authors attempt a prognosis of what will happen in the next ten years (or longer). Suggestions are made for improvements still deemed necessary in equipment of this type.     

同阶二元偏移载波调制信号跟踪技术

针对同阶二元偏移载波调制卫星导航信号,提出一种高效新算法解决信号跟踪中的模糊性。分析了同阶二元偏移载波调制原理、信号跟踪模糊性及解决方法,利用本地扩频码与接收信号的相关函数特点,构建了码跟踪环路鉴相曲线,选择了合适的相关间距作为符号判决,联合构成鉴相器,推导了算法设计的正确性,给出了实现架构。仿真结果表明,码相位捕获误差±0.9个码片内均可正确跟踪。该方法可进一步应用于全球卫星导航系统新体制信号的接收处理。     

QAM全数字接收机载波相位恢复环路

本文着重研究全数字QAM接收机中载波恢复环路的设计，采用快慢两个数字环路来进行载波恢复，慢环路由锁频器（Frequency Detector)，锁频锁相器（Phase and Frequency Detector)等组成，快环路由相痊解旋器和锁相器（Phase Detector)组成，仿真结果表明，在AWGN条件下，两个环路的环路参数设置存在一个最佳点，当两个环路工作在这个最佳点附近时接收机能够很好的进行载波频率，相位的恢复，相位噪声对接收机性能的影响最小，最后，给出了在不同信噪比下的最佳环路参数表。     

动态环境下载波锁相跟踪环的信号级仿真

在接收信号载噪比一定的前提下,针对GPS软件接收机在不同运动状态下载波环跟踪的问题,仿真研究了不同环路的跟踪性能:在低加速度动态下采用2阶锁相环跟踪更佳,在高加速度动态下则应该采用3阶锁相环跟踪。通过仿真验证了环路的有效性。此外通过仿真发现当载噪比和滤波器噪声带宽一定的情况下,选择合适的预检测积分时间可以有利于载波跟踪。     

Tracking Properties of Phase-Locked Loops in Optical Communication Systems

This paper analyzes the performance of a phase-locked loop driven by the photodetector current in an optical receiver. The variance of the phase-errors of the loop is found as a function of the relevant system parameters. The results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained via computer simulation.     

Tracking Performance of Costas Loops with Hard-Limited In-Phase Channel

It is becoming increasingly popular in the design of suppressed carrier receivers, which employ Costas loops for earrier reconstruction, to hard-limit the output of the in-phase channel. Doing so allows replacement of the analog multiplier, which forms the loop error signal, with a chopper-type device which typically exhibits much less dc offset. The false lock behavior of such a hard-limited loop was recently investigated and shown to be quite different from that of the conventional Costas loop without the hard limiter. This paper presents the companion, analysis of the tracking performance of the hard-limited loop and assesses the penalty, if indeed it is a penalty rather than an improvement, in this performance relative to the conventional Costas loop with an analog third multiplier. In particular, for the case ofRCarm filters and NRZ data, the squaring loss (or equivalently the linear loop tracking jitter) is evaluated and illustrated as a function of the ratio of arm filter bandwidth to data rate and data signal-to-noise ratio. Superimposed on these numerical results will be the corresponding ones for the conventional Costas loop. As a finale, the equivalence in operation of the Costas loop with hard-limited in-phase channel and a baseband modulation carrier reconstruction loop referred to as a demod/ remod loop is discussed.     

Decision-Aided Tracking Loops for Channels with Phase Jitter and Intersymbol Interference

The theory of decision-aided carrier tracking loops as developed by Lindsey and Simon is extended to include the effects of intersymbol interference. A major theoretical result is the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density function (pdf) of the phase error for a first-order tracking loop. This function is used to average upper and lower bounds on the demodulator error rate so that an estimate of the overall system error rate may be obtained. The modulation technique analyzed is double-sideband-pulse-amplitude pulse-amplitude modulation. Curves are presented which display the threshold performance of the system error rate at low modulation index.     

Amplitude Modulation with Sign Tracking

A new technique is proposed for carrying out amplitude modulation/demodulation. The scheme is power efficient in that it does not require the transmission of a separate carrier. Receiver complexity is limited in that phase locking circuitry is not employed. Performance is evaluated and shown to be better than that of Double Side-Band (envelope detection) for the broadcast transmission of speech.     

Hybrid Companding Delta Modulation

We present a reasonably complete account of an improved adaptive delta modulation (ADM) system called hybrid companding delta modulation (HCDM). The HCDM system that is far superior to continuously variable slope DM (CVSD) or constant factor DM (CFDM) is advantageous, particularly for speech coding. It employs both syllabic and instantaneous companding schemes. Performance analysis of the system has been done and verified by computer simulation. In getting the mathematical formula for HCDM granular noise, a new method based on amplitude distribution is proposed. Optimization of the system parameter values by simulation is also discussed. In addition, an efficient method of hardware implementation is considered.     

OFDM系统载波跟踪环的研究

论文分析了OFDM系统中载波偏差引起的子载波干扰,设计了一种面向判决的载波跟踪环。仿真结果表明,环路在低信噪比时工作良好,接收机的误码率接近没有载波偏差时的性能。     

INS辅助GPS载波跟踪环分析

高动态环境会造成较大的多普勒频移,这使得一般的GPS接收机在没有外界辅助的情况下难以可靠工作.为了同时满足高动态GPS接收机动态性能和噪声抑制两方面的需要,GPS/INS紧耦合系统利用INS的信息辅助GPS接收机的载波跟踪回路.对紧耦合系统的关键技术--INS辅助GPS载波跟踪回路进行了系统分析,阐述了INS信息辅助G...     

一种GPS信号载波跟踪技术

本文提出一种锁相环(PLL)与锁频环(FLL)相级联的 GPS 信号载波跟踪方法, 该方法兼顾了 PLL 的载波跟踪精度与 FLL 的动态适应性,经过验证,该方法可以实现对高动态信号的精确跟踪。     

一种基于FPLL的载波跟踪算法

介绍了一种基于锁频锁相环(FPLL)的载波跟踪算法.频率跟踪模块可以适应较大动态范围的频率变化,基于软件的数控振荡器(NCO)模块可以达到极高的频率跟踪精度.由于有锁频环的频率牵引,锁相环路滤波器可以设计得很窄,具有很好的抑噪性能,满足精确跟踪载波相位的要求.因此,该基于FPLL的载波跟踪算法可以适应信号存在较大的动态范围和噪声干扰的应用环境;同时,其鉴频鉴相算法表达式简单,易于用可编程数字器件实现.     

Applications of New Fuzzy Inference-Based Tracking Loops for Kinematic GPS Receiver

Carrier phase measurement is essential for high-accuracy measurement in kinematic global positioning system (GPS) applications. For GPS receiver design, a narrow noise bandwidth is desired to decrease phase jitter due to thermal noise. However, this bandwidth will deteriorate the capability of the tracking loop and result in cycle slipping. Based on bandwidth adjustment criteria, a novel intelligent GPS receiver is proposed for solving the carrier phase tracking problem in the presence of high dynamic environments. A phase error estimator is developed in the carrier loop to conduct the phase error signals; i.e., frequency and frequency ramp errors. Two kinds of fuzzy inference (FI)-based approaches, fuzzy logic control and adaptive neuro-fuzzy control methods, that are simple and have easy realization properties are designed to perform rapid and accurate control of the digital frequency phase-locked loop (FPLL). A new design procedure for kinematic GPS receiver development is also presented. The computer results show that the FI-based receivers achieve faster settling time and wider pull-in range than the conventional tracking loops while also preventing the occurrence of cycle slips.     

中频数字载波跟踪环路分析与计算

文中针对二阶模拟、数字锁相环模型,推导了开环和闭环传递函数。对载波跟踪环鉴相器、清除滤波器和DDS增益等做了较为详尽的理论分析,得到了环路增益和带宽的数学推导结果。系统测试结果表明,此跟踪环路计算方法经测试证明是正确的、可靠的,分机满足实际载波跟踪和数字解调的动态特性要求。