规整填料在高压精馏条件下的传质性能

Performance of Mellapak 250Y and 350Y corrugated structured packing in distillation applications at pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.0MPa is analysed by using HTU-NTU method.These data are obtained in distillation column with 0.15m diameter operated with n-butane/n-pentane system at total reflux.In considering the axial backmixing effects.the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit,HTUOG,is divided into two parts.One part represents the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit,without backmixing, designated as HUTOG,and the other part,designated as the height of a backmixing unit(HBUO),accounts for the backmixing effects.The HTUOG is evaluated from the measured concentration profile of n-butane in liquid phase.The HBUO obtained experimentally is correlated in terms of the properties of the materials being separated and the equivalent diameter of the structured packing.Our result shows that HBUO varies from 0.12 to 0.34m as pressure increases from 1.0 to 1.9MPa.It indicates that the overall efficiency of the structured packing decreas gradually at high pressure,as a result of the vapor backmixing.     

新型均流填料塔的传质性能研究

提出了一种新型均流填料塔设备,在Φ600 mm的圆形冷模实验塔中,以空气-水-CO2为工质进行了CO2解吸试验,利用滴定法测定了多种气液负荷下新型均流填料塔的传质性能,并在相同工况下与鲍尔环填料塔进行了对比研究。试验结果表明:在试验喷淋密度下,新型均流填料塔与鲍尔环填料塔相比,液相传质单元高度降低了19%以上;随着喷淋密度的降低,液相传质单元高度降低更加显著。在正常操作范围内,新型均流填料塔的传质效率远高于鲍尔环填料塔,是一种传质性能优良的新型填料塔设备。     

新型网架规整填料的传质性能

对一种新型网架规整填料用于萃取时的传质效率进行了实验研究。在Φ50mm的填料萃取塔中,选用煤油–苯甲酸–水和30%TBP(煤油)–乙酸–水两种不同界面张力的物系,测定了该填料和Φ10mm的鲍尔环填料在不同操作条件下的表观传质单元高度。扣去影响因素,网架填料的表观传质单元高度至少会比鲍尔环填料低25%,而网架填料的堆积密度仅为鲍尔环的38%。同时对影响传质的因素进行了分析,并针对该填料的特点,提出了优化设计原则。     

填料吸收塔操作性能的综合研究

合理的操作是优化设计的保证,本文从这一角度对填料吸收塔作了一些探讨。分别采用空气-水系统和空气-氨-水系统对16mm×16mm×2mm瓷拉西环填料塔的流体力学性能和传质性能进行了综合实验研究。研究结果表明:若填料层内存有污垢,相同气速下的压降增加40％～260％;接近泛点气速下进行传质操作效率最佳;泛点气速的实测值与计算值相比偏差在5％以内。此外,本文还提出合理确定传质操作过程稳定时间的方法。     

转盘萃取塔传质单元高度的测定与影响因素的研究

在转盘萃取塔中用清水萃取煤油中的苯甲酸。通过改变转盘的转速、原料的进样流量、油层的厚度,分别测取分散相中苯甲酸的含量,求得传质单元数和传质单元高度。结果表明:转盘转速、油层厚度与传质单元高度成反比;原料的进样口流量与传质单元高度成正比。     

Extraction of Uranium Nitrate with 30% (v/v) Tributyl Phosphate in Kerosene in a Pilot Annular Pulsed Disc-and-Doughnut Column—Part II: Axial Mixing and Mass Transfer Performance

Mass transfer experiments were carried out in an annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column (APDDC) using 30% (v/v) TBP-kerosene + uranium nitrate + nitric acid + water system (uranium nitrate system) for both extraction and stripping processes. Parameters in the axial dispersion model (ADM) and plug-flow model (PFM), namely, the axial dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase and the number of mass transfer units, were regressed by correlating the respective model with the experimental concentration profile. The mass transfer coef?cient is calculated, and new correlations are developed to predict the axial mixing coefficient of the continuous phase and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The height of a transfer unit is also calculated. The influence of axial mixing on mass transfer performance for the uranium nitrate system is discussed.     

往复振动筛板萃取塔放的大设计模型

对往复振动筛板萃取塔（RPEC）塔内的传质过程进行了理论分析,并在此基础上,从单液滴传质模型出发,应用数学统计方法建立了RPEC放大设计模型,即进行放大设计时应遵循通量、塔板间距、振幅和频率不变的原则计算表观传质单元高度H_OXP.采用林可霉素-正丁醇-酸水物系对塔径100 mm的RPEC实验塔研究表明：真实传质单元高度H_OX与体系物性、表观速度、输入能量（振幅A×频率f）有关,而与塔径无关,且不受轴向混合的影响,模型较好地预测了H_OX随输入能量的增加而减小,而通量的变化则对其影响较小;分散传质单元高度H_OXD是塔径D、输入能量、通量U_s和体系物性的函数,实验结果表明模型较好地描述了输入能量和通量增加强化传质起主导作用,有效降低分散传质单元高度H_OXD的传质过程部分,而不能描述轴向混合起主导作用部分.应用放大设计模型对直径325 mm的RPEC放大设计结果验证模型的预测误差在20％以内.     

Systems with Structured Packing: Fluid‐Dynamics and Liquid‐Solid Mass Transfer

Structured packings are often incorporated in industrial equipment as a way of enhancing the efficiency or as support of catalysts and microorganisms. They may operate in single‐, two‐ or three‐phase flow and natural convection can be present. The fluid‐dynamic and mass transfer behavior of spaced and stacked structured packings for these conditions is systematically analyzed.     

金属板波填料板片上开孔孔型对气流径向混合的影响

在两相流工况下,对两种孔型板波填料作气流的径向分布性能的实验研究。提出用液气动量比来反映不同操作工况条件。对比结果表明,桥孔比圆孔更有利气流的径向扩散。     

金属板波填料板片上开孔孔型对气流径向混合的影响

在两相流工况下,对两种孔型板波填料作气流的径向分布性能的实验研究。提出用液气动量比来反映不同操作工况条件。对比结果表明,桥孔比圆孔更有利气流的径向扩散。     

Axial Mixing and Mass Transfer Performance of an Annular Pulsed Disc-and-Doughnut Column

The annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column (APDDC) is an important type of extraction equipment in the PUREX process, which has been used in several commercial reprocessing plants. As there are few mass transfer experimental results reported in the literature, the axial mixing and mass transfer performance of an APDDC was studied for both extraction and stripping processes in the present work. Two parameters in the axial dispersion model (ADM), namely, the axial dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase and the number of mass transfer units, were regressed by correlating ADM with experimental concentration profiles. The influence of flow rate and pulsation intensity on these parameters was also investigated. Models developed for the PDDC were tested for correlation with APDDC experimental data and suitable models and conditions were determined. The height of a mass transfer unit was also calculated, which highlights the impact of axial mixing on mass transfer performance. Moreover, the influence of internal wettability on mass transfer performance was discussed.     

组合环单体填料的流体力学和传质性能

本文介绍了新近研制的组合环单体填料对于汽液接触过程的流体力学与传质性能。实验表明,这种填料具有比矩鞍环填料阻力小、传质效率高的优点,可以代替鲍尔环、矩鞍环等常用填料,以取得良好经济效益。     

金属孔板波纹填料的传质计算

针对目前在推广应用规整填料Ｍｅｌａｐａｋ时很少进行传质计算的缺陷,根据文献报道,对其传质计算进行综述,并给出计算示例,这对合理应用规整填料具有积极的作用。     

现代填料塔技术（一）：塔填料的发展和选择

主要从结构特点分析了塔填料的发展概况，介绍了新型散装和规整塔填料的特点以及塔填料的选择方法。     

A new equation for estimating the height of the mass transfer unit in extraction columns

In this study, a new equation for estimating the height of the mass transfer unit, H_oxp, for mutually insoluble extraction systems was developed. The equation's accuracy and robustness were tested by comparing the predicted results with experimental data in the literature. With the same apparent interfacial tension, the mass transfer unit height decreased hyperbolically with the increase of the overall interphase volume mass transfer coefficient, despite the differences of column dimensions, experimental systems and operating conditions.     

国外气液传质设备的一些发展趋势

作为气液传质塔主要构件的塔板和填料在过去几十年中的发展速度各有快慢，竞争能力时有强弱。进入８０年代后，由于板波规整填料的成功应用，填料及其相关内件的开发研究速度明显快于板式塔。事实上，塔板和填料各有优缺点，各适用于不同的场合。未来几年中，以下几方面将得到重视和发展：工艺条件与塔与构件的一体化匹配；结构与材质的改进或更新；整塔的精心设计、制造、安装和操作；故障检测和诊断技术现代化；设计模型的理论化和     

气体搅拌萃取过氧化氢实验研究

在内径为50 mm的筛板塔内,研究了空气-水-蒽醌工作液三相体系萃取过氧化氢过程.萃取温度为40℃,空气和分散相的表观流速分别为(1.31～3.22)×10-3m·s-1和(1.27～1.70)×10-3 m·s-1,分散相和连续相的表观流速之比为50:1.结果表明,在普通液-液萃取过氧化氢过程中引入气体作搅拌,可减小分散相的液滴直径,增大相际接触面积,明显提高萃取效率,降低萃余相中过氧化氢的含量.传质单元高度随气体表观流速的增加而降低,传质系数随气体表观流速的增加而增大.     

塑料异型矩鞍填料的流体力学及传质性能研究

在内径300 mm塔中,以空气-氨-水为物系,对开发出的一种新型塑料散装填料———异型矩鞍填料的流体力学及传质性能进行了研究。获得了该填料的几何特性、流体力学性能及传质性能数据,并通过对实验数据的回归分析,得出了填料层压降Δp/Z、泛点填料因子F及气相总传质单元高度HOG的关联式。研究结果表明,塑料异型矩鞍填料具有通量大、压降低、气液分布均匀及传质性能优良等优点。     

新型组合式规整填料在液液萃取中的传质性能

采用质量分数30%磷酸三丁酯-煤油-醋酸-水物系,对一种新型萃取用组合式规整填料的传质性能进行了测定,考察了连续相流速和分散相流速对其传质效率的影响。实验结果表明:在相同的二相流速下,组合式规整填料的表观传质单元高度比16 mm鲍尔环平均低约54%。固定连续相流速,随着分散相流速的增加,填料的表观传质单元高度降低,传质效率提高;固定分散相流速,随着连续相流速的增加,填料的表观传质单元高度增大,传质效率降低。     

QH-1型填料在中等界面张力体系的应用 Ⅱ.传质特性

应用三个中等界面张力（９．３７～１４．１６ｍＮ／ｍ）体系，对ＱＨ－１型扁环填料的传质性能进行了系统研究．实验数据采用以返流模型为基础的稳态浓度剖面法处理．研究了两相流速对传质效率和轴向返混的影响，进行了几种填料传质效率的比较．实验结果表明，ＱＨ－１型填料在中等界面张力体系中仍具有较高的传质效率，可望在湿法冶金、医药和环保中得到广泛应用．