密集多径信道下IR—UWB信号同步捕获方法

超宽带(UWB)信号的快速同步捕获是UWB通信系统中的关键问题．本文提出一种分步同步捕获方法，首先采用两种次最优的最大似然估计算法进行粗搜索，然后在粗搜索获得的有限范围内利用最大值／阈值检测进行精估计．该方法提高了密集多径信道下极窄脉冲形式UWB信号(IR-UWB)的捕获性能，并有效降低了计算复杂度和处理时间．文中还根据IR-UWB信号接收特点，从捕获能量的角度定义了捕获概率．通过仿真评估了捕获能量对系统性能的影响，并对算法性能和参数选择进行了分析．     

一种适用于无线传感器通信的UWB收发机结构

论文介绍了一种使用低速率超宽带技术实现的适用于无线传感器网络通信的收发机结构,这种结构采用结构简单的IR-UWB(Impulse Radio UWB)方法,能满足无线传感器节点低功耗、低硬件复杂度的要求。这种结构发射机采用SRD(Step Recovery Diode)二极管来产生UWB脉冲信号,接收机则使用结构简单的能量检测方法。     

基于DHT的低复杂度UWB系统及性能仿真

实现复杂度和功耗是超宽带(UWB)系统设计中的关键问题.本文提出一种利用离散Hartley变换(DHT)进行调制/解调的超宽带系统,并推导了信道估计与均衡算法.与基于传统OFDM的方案相比,该系统降低了算法复杂度、硬件复杂度和功耗,且具有内在的频率分集特征.针对超宽带信道严重的频率选择性衰落,采用卷积编码与频域扩频和交织相结合的方式提高系统传输可靠性.根据典型超宽带信道模型进了系统参数设计,并通过计算机仿真验证了系统性能.     

LTE辅同步检测低复杂度算法设计及实现

小区搜索是LTE移动通信系统中的重要过程,移动终端通过小区搜索实现与基站之间的时间和频率同步,在这个搜索过程中通过主同步信号(Primary Synchronization Signal,PSS)检测和辅同步信号(Secondary Synchronization Signal,SSS)检测完成小区ID的识别。传统的SSS检测算法,需要遍历所有可能序列,复杂高。针对这一缺点,提出一种利用辅同步序列特点,缩小候选序列的新算法,该算法能显著降低搜索范围和计算复杂度。同时,在FPGA硬件实现时,采用1 bit量化和计算单元分时复用策略可进一步降低辅同步信号检测复杂度。仿真结果表明,设计和实现的SSS检测算法能够很好地完成小区搜索的辅同步检测过程。     

基于硬件构件的嵌入式系统低功耗研究

降低系统功耗不仅要考虑硬件方面的因素,同时也要分析因软件引起的功耗。为了降低系统整体功耗,首先需要明确影响系统功耗的软硬件因素。在硬件方面,通过对硬件构件进行选择、设计和整合等方法降低功耗;软件方面则是重点优化与功耗密切相关的要素,如算法、指令与方法等。这些因素往往是相互制约、相互影响的。设计一个成功的低功耗系统,需要通过分析与实验,明确一个以硬件构件为思想的嵌入式系统低功耗设计时所需考虑的一些问题。     

一种高性能指纹锁硬件平台的设计

为提高嵌入式指纹锁稳定性,降低系统功耗,减少硬件成本,设计一种基于DSP5509的指纹锁硬件平台。与传统嵌入式指纹平台相比,该系统运用AVR单片机MEGA8作为控制模块,光学CMOS图像传感器采集图像,提高稳定性减少成本;采用TI公司最低功耗、1．8V的DSP移植指纹算法,低功耗器件XC6206P332MR管理电源,降低系统功耗。根据实际硬件乎台特点,给出系统调试时需要注意的事项。实验结果显示,该系统平台面积为25mm^2,2节干电池稳定运行一个月,静态功耗低于15μA,动态功耗小于140mA     

一种高性能指纹锁硬件平台的设计

为提高嵌入式指纹锁稳定性,降低系统功耗,减少硬件成本,设计一种基于DSP5509的指纹锁硬件平台.与传统嵌入式指纹平台相比,该系统运用AVR单片机MEGA8作为控制模块,光学CMOS图像传感器采集图像,提高稳定性减少成本;采用TI公司最低功耗、1.8 V的DSP移植指纹算法,低功耗器件XC6206P332MR管理电源,降低系统功耗.根据实际硬件平台特点,给出系统调试时需要注意的事项.实验结果显示,该系统平台面积为25 mm2,2节干电池稳定运行一个月,静态功耗低于15μA,动态功耗小于140 mA     

基于压缩感知的脉冲超宽带信号检测

传统的信号检测算法基于奈奎斯特采样定理来实现,这对于带宽极宽的超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)信号而言由于要求采样速率过高而很难用硬件去实现。为此,本文研究了基于压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)的脉冲超宽带(impulse radio UWB, IR-UWB)信号检测问题,利用IR鄄UWB 信号在时域上的稀疏特性,设计了一种基于压缩感知的IR鄄UWB 信号检测框架,在此基础上提出了一种自适应加权正交匹配追踪检测算法。仿真结果表明,新算法不仅能够通过远少于奈奎斯特定理所要求的采样速率检测出IR-UWB 信号,而且与基于匹配追踪的压缩感知检测算法相比,新算法在低信噪比的情况下对IR-UWB 信号的检测效果更佳。     

MIMO系统V-BLAST检测算法的FPGA实现

用FPGA实现了多种垂直分层空时码(Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time,V-BLAST)检测算法,包括最大似然(Maximum Likelihood,ML)检测算法、破零(Zero Forcing,ZF)检测算法和最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)检测算法。首先研究了MIMO V-BLAST系统架构、数学模型和多种接收机检测算法,分析了关键检测算法的特性和性能,重点使用Verilog硬件描述语言在Xilinx的Vertex4-VC4VSX55 FPGA开发板上实现了V-BLAST系统架构和三种检测算法,并通过仿真结果比较了每一种算法的复杂度和性能。仿真结果表明对于V-BLAST检测,ML具有最优的性能但复杂度最高;ZF算法具有较低的复杂度但比ML的性能略差;MMSE算法复杂度只比ZF算法略大但性能却有显著提升。     

微电子学、集成电路

TN42005050490一种基于动态二进制的RFID抗冲突算法/鞠伟成,俞承芳(复旦大学电子工程系)//复旦学报.―2005,44(1).―46～50.抗冲突是非接触式IC卡系统必须解决的问题.基于ISO/IEC14443A型标准推荐算法的抗冲突电路具有可靠性强的特点.从提高抗冲突速度和降低电路功耗的角度考虑,在此基础上提出一种改进的算法.功能验证与功耗模拟证明新算法显著提高了抗冲突速度,且电路的功耗也有一定程度的降低.图6表2参7TN42005050491一种基于时间限制条件的低功耗高层综合设计方案/王玲,温东新,杨孝宗,蒋颖涛(哈尔滨工业大学计算机学院)//半导体学…     

低功耗低误码率的传感器网络节点芯片数字基带设计

本文针对无线传感器网络节点片上系统特点和需求,研究一种低功耗、高性能、低误码率的数字基带(Easibaseband),提出了一种复用加法器和乘法器的设计方法,实现了匹配滤波器,可节省硬件资源并提高系统性能;提出了一种自适应门限的自动增益控制方法,可配合软硬件协同的工作方式,节省接收机的功耗;提出了采用自适应门限的施密特触发器方式进行信号相位判决的方法,降低了解调误码率.本设计在Xilinx的Spartan-3E FPGA上验证并实现,测试结果表明,本收发机的数据传输率可达到111kb/s并支持ISM2.4GHz频段的射频芯片,比传统的并行滤波器节省了5/6的硬件资源,比不采用自动增益控制节省了10.8%的接收机功耗,在信噪比13dB时,误码率在10-4以下,远低于WiseNET的接收误码率.     

Combined synchronization and power control for differentially-encoded di-symbol time-division multiuser impulse radio

The differentially-encoded, di-symbol time-division multiuser impulse radio (d²TD-IR) with delay-sum autocorrelation receivers is a low complexity, high efficiency short range wireless communication technology for infrastructure networks. The d²TD-IR system is designed with the assumption that the users are perfectly synchronized. In this letter, we propose a recursive algorithm of combined synchronization and power control. Computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has significant performance improvement over the algorithm, in which synchronization and power control are performed separately.     

A Survey on Various Coherent and Non-coherent IR-UWB Receivers

The recent developments in radio technologies, paves its way to impulse radio (IR) ultra-wideband (UWB) communication, which is used for low power, short range and high bandwidth communication, thereby exploiting a large portion of radio spectrum. In this paper, a brief review of the work done by various researchers on coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB receivers has been analysed, based on their bit error rate (BER) performances, as well as pros and cons of using these receivers. An in depth study on the receivers concludes that, non-coherent IR-UWB receiver is preferred over its counterpart coherent IR-UWB receiver even though it comes at the expense of poor BER performance. The simulation results prove that, though the performances are same, the low complexity of energy detector (ED) receivers gives an edge over the autocorrelation receivers. Further, ED receiver suffers from noise, which paves way to using weighted ED (WED) receiver. The superiority of WED receivers over all the other non-coherent UWB receivers is further confirmed by the simulation performed in AWGN and IEEE 802.15.4a UWB channels. It can also be concluded from the review that, some special receivers such as generalized likelihood ratio test, multi-symbol differential detector and decision feedback differential transmitted reference, when clubbed with UWB systems, lead to further improvement in BER performance.     

异构网络中多网络并行传输的网络选择算法

为了充分利用异构网络中的无线资源,提出了一种基于多网络并行传输的异构网络接入选择算法,该算法根据终端接收信号功率确定能够进行通信的无线网络,以这些无线网络的任意非空子集作为候选方案,计算各个方案对应的聚合属性,再根据吞吐量和功耗阈值条件限定候选网络方案,对这些方案建立多属性决策矩阵,采用基于用户偏好的逼近理想值排序法(TOPSIS)得到各个候选网络方案的效用函数值,从中选出与理想方案最接近的多网络接入方案。仿真结果表明该算法能有效改善用户服务质量,提高用户吞吐量,降低用户的单位吞吐量对应的功耗和费用,保证网络的负载均衡。      

OFDM系统同步算法研究及其VLSI实现

针对正交频分复用（OFOM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex）无线传输系统,提出并设计了一种适用于802．11a标准前导序列的同步算法。首先基于接收基带数据能量判断信道空闲状态,再计算数据归一化自相关值检测帧起始位置,最后利用基带数据与参考训练序列的互相关运算检测OFDM符号的起始位置,实现同步功能。算法的硬件实现采用移位加和流水线技术来提高系统的性能与效率。实践表明,所提算法能有效地实现同步并且硬件实现复杂度低,适合于超大规模集成电路（VLSI,Very LargeScale Integration）的实现。     

Energy efficient bidirectional relay network with spatial modulation

S patial modulation is a potential candidate for 5G wireless communication systems that provides high spectral efficiency with high reliability and low complexity. Spatial modulation conveys information in the index of transmitting antenna along with conventional modulation scheme. Also, energy efficiency communication plays a vital role in 5G wireless communication. In this article, energy efficiency and spectral efficiency are focused on a bidirectional relay network. In the proposed bidirectional relay network, the energy consumption burden at the relay node is reduced by placing a power splitter that coordinates the energy harvesting and information processing at the relay node. Spatial modulation is employed at all nodes to reduce the effect of interchannel interference and synchronization problem in the receiver. The combined effect of spatial modulation in all nodes and energy harvest at the relay node are analyzed in the bidirectional relay network. The end‐to‐end outage probability expression for the bidirectional relay network is derived in terms of power splitting factor at relay node. Analytical simulation results have been verified by Monte‐Carlo simulations. The overall performance of the proposed system is compared with an existing literature and found that the proposed system is having better spectral efficiency and energy harvesting.     

Cooperative Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Communication Using Coherent and Non-Coherent Detectors: A Review

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a booming technology in the field of wireless communication. This paper presents a brief idea related to the various coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB detectors. Due to the limitation in transmit power spectral density of UWB system, the major challenges faced by UWB system includes, achieving Quality of Service, system performance and coverage area. So, the combination of UWB system with cooperative communication will not only improve the system performance, but also help in expanding coverage area of signals. A brief review of the work done by various researchers in the field of cooperative impulse radio (IR) UWB communication is also presented in this paper. The working principle and performance analysis of the various coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB detectors using cooperative relay strategies are also discussed at large in this paper. The various fixed cooperative relay strategies used for cooperative UWB communication is Amplify and Forward, Decode and Forward and Detect and Forward. From the simulation results it can be inferred that, even though IR-UWB DTR receiver gives a much better BER performance than IR-UWB ED receiver using both cooperative and non-cooperative strategies, yet ED receiver is preferred because of its less complexity and low power consumption. Future prospects in the field of cooperative IR-UWB communication have also been discussed in this paper.     

基于天线选择和功率分配的联合迭代优化算法

当使用所有天线进行无线数据传输时，大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input multiple-Output,MIMO）系统中的基站需要使用与天线数相同的射频链路，导致系统的实现复杂度增加，降低了系统的能效。针对能效降低的问题，提出了一种天线选择和功率分配的联合迭代优化算法。该算法在给定初始发送功率的条件下，随机生成一个天线集合作为内循环的初始值，内循环每次从余下的天线集合中选择一根具有最大能效的天线进行替换，得出最优天线集合，求出相应的最优发送功率，并以此作为下次外循环发送功率的初始值。仿真结果表明，所提算法在降低计算复杂度的前提下，几乎可以达到近似于最优穷举搜索算法的能效性能。     

Ultra-wide-band transmitter for low-power wireless body area networks: design and evaluation

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget of the autonomous sensor nodes. The radio interface is a major challenge, since its power consumption must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). The emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most of the complexity of an UWB system is in the receiver, which is a perfect scenario in the WBAN context. Second, the very little hardware complexity of a UWB transmitter offers the potential for low-cost and highly integrated solutions. Finally, in a pulse-based UWB scheme, the transmitter can be duty-cycled at the pulse rate, thereby reducing the baseline power consumption. We present a low-power UWB transmitter that can be fully integrated in standard CMOS technology. Measured performances of a fully integrated pulse generator are provided, showing the potential of UWB for low power and low cost implementations. Finally, using a WBAN channel model, we present a comparison between our UWB solution and state-of-the-art low-power narrow-band implementations. This paper shows that UWB performs better in the short range due to a reduced baseline power consumption.