TA15钛合金碳钨元素激光表面合金化组织及耐磨性能

针对钛合金耐磨性差的问题,利用WC颗粒与TA15钛合金粉末混合采用激光表面合金化技术在TA15钛合金表面成功制得以溶入W元素的β-Ti为基体、初生及共晶TiC/(TiW)C为增强相的表面改性层。结果表明,改性层由于钨元素与碳元素的添加,显微硬度得到提高,耐磨性能提高了2～3倍。TiC/(TiW)C硬质增强相为提高改性层的耐磨损性发挥了重要作用。     

工艺参数对TiAl合金激光表面合金化改性层组织与耐磨性的 …

利用元素氮和元素碳对γ－ＴｉＡｌ合金（简称ＴｉＡｌ合金）进行激光表面合金化处理,分别制得了以ＴｉＮ及ＴｉＣ硬质耐磨相为增强相的快速凝固原位耐磨复合材料表面改性层,改性层与基体间为完全的冶金结合,其显微组织从熔池底部到自由表面具有梯度渐变特征,越接近自由表面,增强相越密集,较系统地研究了激光表面合金化工艺参数对改性层显微组织以及在磨料磨损及滑动磨损条件,增强相越密集。较系统地了激光表面合金化工艺参数     

316L不锈钢强流脉冲电子束表面钛合金化及其耐蚀性

利用强流脉冲电子束对不锈钢表面进行了快速钛合金化。将精细钛粉预涂在基体表面后采用强流脉冲电子束对其进行后处理。在电子束对表面的快速加热熔化、混合及增强扩散效应的作用下,部分钛熔入基体表层形成一层富钛层。由于钛的添加有利于形成α相,合金层由α相和γ相混合组成。在模拟体液中的动态极化测试表明,316L医用不锈钢经强流脉冲电子束表面钛合金化后,其在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能获得了显著的提高。     

电子束焊接铝基复合材料接头的力学性能及耐磨损性能

使用装备了可编程序控制器的电子束焊接设备,研究新型铝基复合材料TiB2/ZL101的焊接性。在合适的工艺参数和扫描频率下,通过电子束焊接方法可以得到无缺陷的焊缝,焊后增强相TiB2在焊缝中分布均匀,未出现偏析现象。对焊缝进行拉伸性能测试,均在母材处发生断裂,电子束焊接得到了较高的焊缝强度;通过对焊缝进行磨损测试,焊缝的抗磨损性能得到了显著的提升。研究表明,采用电子束焊接方法可以有效地完成新型铝及复合材料TiB2/ZL101的焊接。     

电子束表面合金化合成(Cr,Fe)7C3复合层耐磨性

以Fe/Cr/C粉末为添加原料,采用可控电子束旋转线扫描方式对低碳钢表面进行表面改性.通过电子束加热工艺和粉末配比的优化,在表面复合层中原位合成了(Cr,Fe)7C3.对表面复合层的显微组织及室温干滑动磨损性能进行了分析.结果表明,表面复合层中主要包含两种相,即少量的初生硬化相(Cr,Fe)7C3以及奥氏体与(Cr,Fe)7C3组成的共晶相,共晶碳化物弥散分布于奥氏体基体中,呈不连续网状组织.表面复合层与基体之间为完全冶金结合.复合层与GCr15钢球的磨损机理为磨料磨损,在室温干滑动磨损下具有优异的耐磨损性能.     

Micro-abrasive wear of DC and pulsed DC titanium nitride thin films with different levels of film residual stresses

In this work, six specimens with titanium nitride (TiN) thin films and cemented carbide (WC-Co) substrates were analyzed in terms of their micro-abrasive wear behavior. These specimens were obtained from a previous work, in which film depositions were conducted varying parameters such as bias (0, − 50 or − 100 V), type of target power (DC or pulsed DC) and, in the cases where substrate bias was zero, substrate condition (ground or floating). As a result, the level of film residual stresses varied from specimen to specimen, in the range from 4 to 11 GPa (compressive). In this work, micro-abrasive tests were run on these six specimens, using balls of AISI 1010 steel and an abrasive slurry with distilled water and silicon carbide particles with average particle size of 5 μm. Results were analyzed in terms of the wear mechanisms observed at the worn surface and also in terms of the wear resistance, characterized by the wear coefficient (k). Trends indicate a decrease in film wear rate with an increase in the value of film residual compressive stresses, as long as the adhesion was not impaired. Different values of film wear coefficient (k_c) were calculated for specimens obtained with ground and floating voltage substrates, although similar values of film residual stresses were measured in both cases.     

TC4钛合金表面激光合金化涂层的组织与耐磨性能

采用WC(含碳量0.1wt%)、Ni、Si混合粉末为原料,利用激光合金化技术在TC4钛合金表面原位制备了含WC、Ni、Si的涂层,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)与能谱分析(EDS)等方法分析了涂层的组织与成分,用HXD-1000B型维氏显微硬度计和MMW21型立式万能摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:利用优化后的激光合金化参数制备出的含WC量较多的涂层,其整体均匀致密、无裂纹,且与TC4合金基材呈冶金结合;涂层物相主要由α-Ti、Ti₅Si₃、WC和TiNi组成;涂层硬度为950 HV0.2,平均摩擦因数为0.2,平均磨损量为0.308 mg,耐磨性显著提高。     

钛合金表面耐磨性能及抗氧化性能的研究现状

钛合金具有密度小、质量轻、比强度高、比刚度高、良好的耐腐蚀性和耐热性、塑韧性好以及优良的加工性等优点,广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、石油化工、体育器械及生物医疗等众多领域。但钛合金摩擦系数大、易黏着、耐磨性能差、高温(700℃)条件下氧化严重、不易润滑等缺点,大大限制了钛合金的应用和发展。介绍激光熔覆、磁控溅射、离子注入等常见的钛合金表面改性技术的研究现状,指出各种改性技术对钛合金耐磨性能、高温抗氧化性能的改善效果,并探讨各种改性技术的优缺点。在此基础上提出综合提高钛合金耐磨性和高温抗氧化性的新思路并展望其发展前景。     

Nanocrystalline titanium nitride films prepared by electrophoretic deposition

Homogeneous and adhesive nanocrystalline TiN thin films are fabricated on Ti substrates by electrophoretic deposition in an aqueous suspension containing TiN powders at room temperature. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of TiN films and the film color varies with deposition time. The current-time curves are recorded during deposition and the surface morphology and cross-sectional images are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The film thickness is around 6.1 μm after 10 min deposition and increases with deposition time. The adhesion strength is characterized by the ultrasonic vibration method and peel-off test. Our results suggest that electrophoretic deposition is a practical and facile technique to prepare nanocrystalline TiN films that are particularly suitable for the decorative coating industry.     

Preparation of chemical dispersion coatings with included boron nitride

Abstract

Chemical metallisation of cubic boron nitride (cBN) in solutions containing copper ions has been achieved in order to use the metallised hard material for its inclusion in composite materials. It was found to be appropriate to work with smaller fractions of cBN grains, in order to avoid an uneconomically long period of electroless copper plating. The possibility of obtaining composite materials by copper chemical plating with included dispersed particles of cubic beta- and alpha hexagonal boron nitride with a grain size range of 50–80 μm for cBN and 1–5 μm respectively for hexagonal boron nitride on flexible materials of the pressed polyethylene terephthalate textile was shown.     

High purity boron nitride thin films prepared by the PDCs route

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thin films (< 10 μm) were successfully obtained on various substrates (graphite-standard and HOPG, quartz and SiC) using the preceramic polymer route. Thin films were formed using precursor solutions of poly(2,4,6-trimethylamino)borazine (polyMAB) as a source of BN. Various preparation conditions were used (i.e. solvent, precursor nature and concentration, substrate and deposition method) and their impact on final BN film quality measured. Surface morphology was observed by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Presence of BN material was confirmed by infrared and Raman spectroscopies and the structure observed by High Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy (HRTEM). The chemical composition of samples analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) gives a B/N ratio close to 1. Boron nitride films were also prepared using borazine (B₃N₃H₆) as precursor. Initial results are presented and compared with those obtained from polyMAB solutions.     

耐腐蚀NM360耐磨钢板的试制及其性能研究

由于煤矿刮板运输机服役的恶劣环境,对传统NM360耐磨钢的耐蚀及耐磨性能提出了更高的要求。综合考虑合金元素对钢材耐蚀性的提升作用,在传统耐磨钢成分的基础上,采取添加一定量的Cu、Ni合金元素的方法,开发了耐腐蚀NM360钢板。采用场发射扫描电镜,透射电子显微镜以及布氏硬度仪对耐腐蚀NM360钢板的组织及硬度进行分析研究;通过干砂/橡胶轮磨损试验机测试了耐腐蚀NM360钢板的磨损性能;利用腐蚀挂片试验测试了耐腐蚀NM360钢板的腐蚀性能。结果表明,虽然添加Cu、Ni元素后耐腐蚀NM360钢板与传统耐磨钢板硬度相当,但耐腐蚀性能及耐磨性能均有一定程度的提升。     

Microstructure, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of titanium incorporated amorphous carbon nitride films

Titanium incorporated amorphous carbon nitride films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. The films change from amorphous to nanocomposite structure, the relative fraction of sp³ C-N bonding decreases significantly from 2.17 to 1.64 with the increase of Ti content from 2.7 at.% to 12.3 at.%. For the films with high Ti content, the nanocrystalline TiN embedded in a-CN_x matrix, while principally TiN did not appear to be well formed for the film containing low Ti content. Potentiodynamic polarization, in vitro human osteoblasts and murine fibroblast cell adhesion tests were employed to assess the corrosion performances of Ti6Al4V alloy coated with the films in Tyrode's solution, and the biocompatibility of Ti-incorporated a-CN_x films, respectively. Titanium incorporation increases the corrosion resistance of a-CN_x films, and the higher corrosion potential and lower corrosion current density are observed for the alloy coated with the film containing lower Ti content. The high osteoblast adhesion and activation demonstrate the enhanced biocompatibility of Ti alloy coated with Ti-incorporated a-CN_x films. The improved biocompatibility in biological environment is attributed to structural change after titanium introduction.     

Improvement of wear resistance of AZ31 and AZ91HP by high current pulsed electron beam treatment

The surface modification of magnesium alloys （AZ31 and AZ91 HP） was studied by a high current pulsed electron beam（HCPEB）. The results show that the cross-sectional microhardness of treated samples increases not only in the heat affected zone（ HAZ）, but also beyond HAZ, reaching over 250μm. This is due to the action of quasi-static thermal stress and the shock thermal stress wave with materials, which result in its fast deformation on the surface layer and so increases microhardness. For the AZ91HP alloy, a nearly complete dissolution of the intermetallic phase Mg17Al12 is observed, and a super-saturated solid solution forms on the re-melted surface, which is due to the solute trapping effect during the fast solidification process. Measurements on sliding wear show that wear resistance is improved by approximately 5.6 and 2.4 times for the AZ31 and AZ91HP respectively, as compared with as-received samples.     

Characterization and wear behavior of modified silicon nitride

Silicon nitride-based materials are applied to many tribological components because of their superior thermal and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear performance of modified silicon nitride which contained 3 wt.% La₂O₃ and 3 wt.% Y₂O₃. The relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties have been also addressed. Vickers microhardness and toughness were measured, the later being determined by means of the direct crack measurement method (DCM). Scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used for the morphological characterization of the samples as well as for the characterization of the wear scars. Wear properties were studied under a load of 10 N by using the ball-on-disk tribometer. AISI 52100 steel balls and balls of WC + 6% Co (6 mm diameter) were used as static counterparts, respectively. Steady state friction coefficients of 0.66 and 0.62 were measured for the tribological pairs WC + 6 % Co/Si₃N₄ and AISI 52100/Si₃N₄, respectively. The wear mechanism was determined in each case, and comparison between the wear performance of the traditional and modified silicon nitride is also presented.     

含钛铁基耐磨复合材料的研制

为了研制一种铁基耐磨复合材料,采用等离子熔覆技术,通过调节铬含量制备多组Fe-Cr-Ti-C合金系统.借助SEM和XRD等分析手段对熔覆层组织和碳化物形貌进行分析.结果表明,熔覆层中随着铬含量的提高,基体组织由A+F向F及M转变;碳化物M7C3及TiC等硬质相的数量逐渐增多.此外研究了铬含量对熔覆层耐磨粒磨损性能的影响规律,熔覆层的耐磨性随着铬含量的增加而提高,当铬含量达到20.1%时,大量高硬度六边形M7C3复合物结合一定量的呈开花状、球状或团聚状TiC颗粒均匀弥散分布在具有较高强韧性的板条马氏体基体中,使得熔覆层具有最佳的耐磨性.     

球墨铸铁轧辊表面镍基激光合金化层及其磨损性能

采用激光合金化技术在球墨铸铁QT600-3表面制备镍基合金强化层,通过XRD、SEM和摩擦磨损试验等研究了不同激光扫描速率对合金化层物相、微观结构、力学性能、常温和高温摩擦学性能的影响,并使用Raman光谱仪对磨痕进行分析。结果表明:Ni合金化层与基体冶金结合好、显微硬度高(高达720 HV0.1)、高温摩擦因数低至0.305、高温磨损率低至7.55×10^-6 g·N^-1·m^-1。随着扫描速率的增加,显微组织更加致密,显微硬度先升高后降低,700 ℃耐磨性能提高,但合金化层裂纹率增加。高温摩擦磨损过程中,合金化层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,同时还存在疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。同时,扫描速率的增加可细化晶粒和提高显微硬度。而Ni合金化层表面在高温摩擦过程中形成的氧化产物和碳化物在高温下会对提高其耐磨性能产生积极作用。     

Improvement of the oxidation and wear resistance of pure Ti by laser cladding at elevated temperature

NiCrBSi and NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coatings were produced on pure Ti substrates by the laser cladding technology. Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was used to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding coatings. The friction and wear behavior was tested through sliding against the Si₃N₄ ball at elevated temperatures of 300 °C and 500 °C. Besides, the morphologies of the worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three dimensional non-contact surface mapping. The results show that the microhardness, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature wear resistance of the pure Ti substrates are greatly increased. For the pure Ti substrate, the wear behavior is dominated by adhesive wear, abrasive wear and severe plastic deformation, while both laser cladding coatings, involving only mild abrasive and fatigue wear, are able to prevent the substrates from severe adhesion and abrasive wear. In particular, the laser cladding NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coating shows better high temperature wear resistance than the NiCrBSi coating, which is due to the formation of a hard WC phase in the composite coating.     

钛合金真空离子渗氮组织及耐磨性能

采用真空离子渗氮设备开展了TC4及TA7钛合金真空离子渗氮工艺试验,采用SEM、XRD等分析了渗层组织,测量了渗氮层显微硬度及渗氮深度,测试了渗氮层的耐磨性能。结果表明,钛合金离子渗氮可形成化合物层+扩散层的典型渗氮层,总渗氮深度可达100 μm以上,渗氮层表面硬度达1200 HV0.1以上。TC4钛合金850 ℃渗氮16 h后,耐磨性能与基体相比显著提高。     

Theoretical study of the elastic properties of titanium nitride

The equilibrium lattice parameter, relative volume V/Vo, elastic constants Cij, and bulk modulus of titanium nitride are successfully obtained using the ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential (PW-PP) method within the framework of density functional theory. The quasi-harmonic Debye model, using a set of total energy vs molar volume obtained with the PW-PP method, is applied to the study of the elastic properties and vibrational effects. We analyze the relationship between the bulk modulus and temperature up to 2000 K and obtain the relationship between bulk modulus B and pressure at different temperatures. It is found that the bulk modulus B increases monotonously with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature. Moreover, the Debye temperature is determined from the non-equilibrium Gibbs func-tions.