钨镍共掺杂V2O5薄膜的光电特性研究

利用溶胶–凝胶旋涂法和后退火工艺在FTO导电玻璃上制备了钨镍共掺杂V₂O₅薄膜,研究了薄膜在不同温度和不同偏压下的光电特性和相变特性。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM） 和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS） 测试了钨镍共掺杂V₂O₅薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和组分,分析了不同钨镍共掺杂浓度对V₂O₅薄膜相变光电特性的影响。结果表明,当钨和镍的掺杂质量分数分别为3 %和1.5 %时,钨镍共掺杂的V₂O₅薄膜的相变温度为218.5 ℃,在可见光范围内有较高的透过率,在近红外1310 nm波长处的光学透过率达48.83%,与未掺杂V₂O₅薄膜的光学透过率相比提高了10.29%,薄膜电阻降低了30.53%,热致回线宽度收窄为15 ℃,说明钨镍共掺杂的V₂O₅薄膜具有良好的可逆相变光电特性,有望在新型光电器件领域得到较好的应用。     

化学镀Ni-P-MoS2/Al2O3复合镀层制备及其性能

通过化学沉积法在MoS2颗粒表面形成一层氧化铝,采用化学复合镀覆的方法制备Ni-P-MoS2/Al2O3复合镀层。研究复合镀液中MoS2颗粒含量和搅拌速度对复合镀层显微硬度及摩擦磨损特性的影响,比较由MoS2改性方式和添加分散剂方式获得镀层的性能,分析复合镀层的横截面及表面形貌。结果表明:随着MoS2颗粒含量和搅拌速度增加,镀层显微硬度、摩擦因数、耐磨性均先减小后增大。与添加分散剂制备的Ni-P-MoS2复合镀层相比,改性颗粒获得的Ni-P-MoS2复合镀层的自润滑性、显微硬度、耐磨性均有所提高。     

基于梯度结构的Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷刀具材料的制备及其力学性能

采用真空热压烧结方式制备了Al₂O₃/ZrO₂梯度复合陶瓷刀具材料,并对ZrO₂含量及梯度结构层厚比进行了优化。层厚比为2.0的AZE20梯度复合陶瓷刀具材料维氏硬度为(18.7±0.33) GPa,抗弯强度为(937±28.5) MPa,断裂韧性为(8.2±0.32) MPa·m^1/2,相比最佳ZrO₂含量的均质复合陶瓷刀具材料AZ20,维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别增加了22%、37.8%和43.8%。梯度结构的设计使表层形成残余压应力,晶粒得到一定程度的细化,更多的ZrO₂晶粒因残余压应力尺寸稳定在t相ZrO₂晶粒尺寸。在复合材料断口形貌中发现,其断裂方式为表层穿晶断裂和中间层沿晶断裂的结合,这种混合断裂方式使刀具整体力学性能得到提高。     

磁控溅射MoS2薄膜的生长特性研究

利用非平衡磁控溅射技术制备出二硫化钼薄膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了工作气压和沉积时间对薄膜表面形貌和结构的影响及其演化规律.实验结果表明,在小于0.40 Pa的气压下,沉积MoS2薄膜的(002)面平行于基体表面,而在高于0.60Pa的高气压下,膜层的(002)面垂直于基体表面.在沉积初期,无论工作气压的高低,薄膜均按(002)基面的方式生长;在沉积后期,低气压下形成的薄膜仍按(002)基面方式生长,而在高气压下薄膜将转向以(002)基面与(100)或(110)棱面联合的方式生长.薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构,与薄膜的生长速率和沉积粒子的能量有关.     

利用废料直接烧结制备CaO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃及其性能

以废玻璃、粉煤灰和氧化钙为原料,采用直接烧结法制备了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS)微晶玻璃;研究了CaO加入量和烧结温度对微晶玻璃烧结性能、晶相组成、显微结构和抗弯强度的影响。结果表明:随着CaO加入量的增多以及烧结温度的升高,微晶玻璃的体积密度先增大后减小;高的CaO加入量和烧结温度促进了柱状硅灰石晶相的生成;CAS微晶玻璃抗弯强度与体积密度的变化趋势基本相同;加入CaO质量分数为18%、在1 100℃烧结2h制备的CAS微晶玻璃的体积密度最大,为2.26g.cm-3,其主晶相为单一β-硅灰石,结晶度为50.7%,抗弯强度最大,为81.5MPa。     

疏水SiO2宽频增透膜的制备与研究

采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉工艺在玻璃表面制备了双层增透膜,该薄膜由折射率分别为1.12和1.33的两层膜构成。薄膜在380~1 100nm和1 100~2 500nm范围内平均透过率较空白玻璃分别提高了7.68%和4.39%。薄膜接触角大约141°,且表层膜在2个月内能保持较高的疏水效果。双层增透膜制备方法简单,在宽光谱耐环境减反射领域有一定的应用潜力。     

LOM技术制备Al2O3和BaTiO3陶瓷件

采用轧膜法制备了用于快速成形工艺中的分层实体造型(LOM)技术的Al2O3和BaTiO3陶瓷片坯件,厚度为0.76mm和0.2mm,然后采用LOM技术进行陶瓷零件的成形,脱脂烧结得到最终产物。对陶瓷坯件进行了TG-DTA热分析,对烧结产物进行了SEM微观组织分析,并测定了机械性能。     

GaAs纳米线阵列光阴极的制备及其特性研究

采用改进的Stber法合成直径为500nm的SiO_2纳米球,用旋涂法将所合成的SiO_2纳米球制作掩模版,采用纳米球刻蚀法制备GaAs纳米线阵列。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、漫反射谱对其进行了表征分析,再对所制备出的GaAs纳米线阵列结构进行Cs-F交替激活实验,使其表面形成负电子亲和势光阴极,并对最终制备出的GaAs纳米线阵列光阴极样品进行量子效率测试,验证了GaAs纳米线阵列结构的量子效率比GaAs基片提高50%以上,从而证实了纳米线阵列结构的高光电转换效率。     

TiB2基复合材料制备技术研究进展

二硼化钛因密度低、熔点高、硬度高、高耐磨性,强耐化学腐蚀和强抗熔融金属侵蚀,被广泛的应用到制备相应的复合材料。二硼化钛复合材料,主要根据其组合相不同分为：二硼化钛-陶瓷复合材料,例如TiC-TiB₂复合材料等;二硼化钛-金属相复合材料,例如TiB₂/Ni复合材料。本文详细论述了二硼化钛复合材料的不同制备工艺的研究进展,其中包括反应烧结、自蔓延高温合成技术、放电等离子加热烧结、热压烧结、激光熔覆技术等。重点介绍激光熔覆和放电等离子加热烧结制备工艺的原理与方法。     

g-C3N4/TiO2异质结光催化材料的制备及性能研究

为了提高二氧化钛光催化剂的可见光响应和催化效率,以钛酸四正丁酯作为制备T iO2的前躯体,以尿素为原料制备g-C3 N4,最后制备得到具有协同效应的g-C3 N4/T iO2复合异质结光催化材料,通过利用XRD、SEM和U V-Vis表征手段,分析并研究所制备样品的物相、微观结构、形貌及光学特性.XRD结果表明,样品中...     

Lu2SiO5晶体电子结构的模拟研究

基于密度泛函理论,GGA-PBE交换相关势研究了含氧空位和氧填隙的Lu2SiO5(LSO)晶体的电子结构。详细讨论电子态密度,分析了含氧空位的LGO晶体的电子态密度,结果显示,在禁带中出现了一个新的态密度分布,VO5能产生一个吸收带,该吸收带位于400~500nm之间。     

Study on tribological and electrochemistry properties of metal materials in H2O2 solutions

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a kind of ideal green propellant. It is crucial to study the wear behavior and failure modes of the metal materials under the strong oxidizing environment of H₂O₂. This study aims to investigate the wear of rubbing pairs of 2Cr13 stainless steel against 1045 metal in H₂O₂ solutions, which has a great effect on wear, the decomposition and damage mechanism of materials. The comparison analysis of the friction coefficients, wear mass loss, worn surface topographies and current densities was conducted under different concentrations of H₂O₂ solutions. There were significant differences in the tribological and electrochemistry properties of the rubbing pairs in different H₂O₂ solutions.     

Tribological properties of ZrO2 (Y2O3)-Mo-BaF2/CaF2 composites at high temperatures

ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) with different contents of BaF₂/CaF₂ and Mo were fabricated by hot pressed sintering, and the tribological behavior of the composites against SiC ceramic was investigated from room temperature to 1000 °C. It was found that the ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃)-5BaF₂/CaF₂-10Mo composite possessed excellent self-lubricating and anti-wear properties. The low friction and wear were attributed to enhanced matrix and BaMoO₄ formed on the worn surfaces.     

Microstructure and electrical properties of NaNbO3-BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x) NaNbO3-xBaTiO₃ have been fabricated by a traditional ceramic sintering technique. The effects of BaTiO₃ (BT) synthesized by hydrothermal method on crystal structure, density, dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were investigated. Results show that the phase structure transforms from the orthorhombic phase to the tetragonal phase with the increase of the content of BT, and the two phases co-exist when 0.08<×⩽0.10. However, the optimum composition for (1 − x)NaNbO₃-xBaTiO₃ ceramics is 0.90NaNbO₃-0.10BaTiO₃. The 0.90NaNbO₃-0.10BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at 1250°C have higher properties: piezoelectric constant d ₃₃ of 120 pC/N, dielectric constant ε_τ of 718, planar electromechanical coupling factor k _p of 24%, planar frequency N _d of 3 MHz·mm, and the mechanical quality factor Q _m of 138, respectively. The results show that the (1−x)NaNbO₃-xBaTiO₃ ceramics is one of the promising lead-free materials for high-frequency applications.     

基于Ge2Sb2Se4Te1的可重构光开关的仿真

光开关是集成光路上一个重要的元器件。提出了一种用在L和C波段基于硫系相变材料（Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te₁）的片上2×2定向耦合器式的可重构光开关,可通过改变相态切换开关。利用仿真软件Lumerical中的Mode Solutions和FDTD Solutions模块设计器件,得到在1500~1625 nm内耦合长度为24.9 μm的Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te₁非晶态下插入损耗（IL）>-0.36 dB,串口对比度（CT）<-24 dB;Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te₁晶态下IL>-0.44 dB,CT<-30.46 dB。利用仿真软件COMSOL模拟532 nm波长激光加热Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te₁,结果显示：一个25 ns、峰值功率45 mW的高斯短脉冲可以使材料由晶态转化为非晶态;施加多个峰值功率20 mW、周期1 μs且占空比0.03%的高斯脉冲阵列可重回晶态。仿真结果表明,设计的光开关在通信波段通过激光加热可以快速实现切换光路的作用。     

Effects of a second phase on the tribological properties of Al2O3 and ZrO2 ceramics

The tribological properties of four different materials are investigated, tetragonal zirconia (Y-ZTP), Al₂O₃ dispersed in Y-TZP (ADZ), ZrO₂ dispersed in Al₂O₃ (ZTA) and Al₂O₃ (with 300 ppm MgO). These materials are used as a cylinder sliding against a plate of Y-TZP (TZ-3Y)). Compared to Y-TZP, the wear resistance of ADZ composites is increased by a factor of 4–10. At a contact pressure of 230 MPa, a wear transition for Y-TZP is observed from plastic deformation to microchipping and microfracture due to the high interfacial temperature (450°C–550°C) generated by frictional heating. Because of the higher elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness at high temperature, ADZ composites show better wear resistance and a higher transition contact pressure (over 400 MPa) under the present conditions. For Al₂O₃, the transition from mild to severe wear occurs when the contact pressure is changed from 250 to 400 MPa. For ZTA ceramics, the wear behaviour does not change because of the presence of a compressive layer due to the zirconia phase transformation during sliding.

In water the wear resistance for ADZ and ZY5 is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the results under dry conditions. Reduction of the interfacial temperature by using water and the formation of a hydroxide layer at the contact surface by the tribochemical reaction of water with the ceramic, as observed by XPS, gives a positive effect on wear resistance.     

聚合物包覆改善二维钙钛矿(FPEA)2PbI4光学性能

环境因素（如光照、水蒸气、氧气等）会引发二维钙钛矿材料的降解,其稳定性极大地限制该材料的进一步发展及市场化进程。利用氟化物的强稳定性与疏水性,将其以含氟苯乙胺的形式引入二维钙钛矿的有机层,可以有效地改善二维钙钛矿稳定性,但是荧光效率有所降低。针对这一问题,本文采用聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、环烯烃聚合体（COP）三种高分子聚合物对二维钙钛矿薄膜进行包覆,使其荧光强度分别得到2.2、1.3和1.4倍的改善,光照稳定性分别得到3.3、3.1和3.9倍的提升,并进一步验证湿度稳定性。该研究为二维钙钛矿薄膜在光电器件上的开发提供了新思路。     

Tribological properties of spark-plasma-sintered ZrO2(Y2O3)-CaF2-Ag composites at elevated temperatures

Spark-plasma sintering is employed to synthesize self-lubricating ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix composites with different additives of CaF₂ and Ag as solid lubricants by tailoring the composition and by adjusting the sintering temperature. The friction and wear behavior of ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix composites have been investigated in dry sliding against an alumina ball from room temperature to 800 °C. The effective self-lubrication at different temperatures depends mainly on the content of various solid lubricants in the composites. The addition of 35 wt.% Ag and 30 wt.% CaF₂ in the ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix can promote the formation of a well-covered lubricating film, and effectively reduce the friction and wear over the entire temperature range studied. The friction coefficients at low temperatures were at a minimum value for the composite containing 35 wt.% of silver. At this silver concentration, low and intermediate temperature lubricating properties are greatly improved without affecting high-temperature lubrication by the calcium fluoride in ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) matrix composites. The worn surfaces and transfer films formed during wear process have been characterized to identify the synergistic lubrication behavior of CaF₂ and Ag lubricants at different temperatures.     

Ta2O5/SiO2三维光子晶体的制作及光学性能

利用自我复制的方法制作了可见光谱区的三维光子晶体,用反射光谱研究了光子晶体的光学特性。采用平面波理论计算了光子晶体的光子禁带(PBG),实验结果与理论符合得较好。采用两步生长法将荧光染料(rhodamine 590)置于光子晶体内部,实验结果表明,染料的荧光光谱受到了光子晶体的强烈调制。     

Al2O3-TiB2-ZrO2三元复合陶瓷刀具的性能研究

对Al