顶封封隔管柱的研制与应用

中原油田近年来注水压力不断升高，井况恶化严重，为此开发了顶封封隔管柱，主要阐述了管柱工况受力特点、结构、工作原理及现场使用效果。经现场较大面积的应用证明，各项性能、技术指标达到了现场要求。     

提高自蔓延高温合成陶瓷内衬钢管性能的研究

在概括了自蔓延高温合成陶瓷内衬钢管的制备原理基础上，从降低陶瓷层孔隙率，减少陶瓷层裂纹和提高陶瓷层结合强度等方面，论述了提高自蔓延高温合成陶瓷内衬钢管性能的措施，对自蔓延高温合成陶瓷内衬钢管的应用现状及展望进行了评述。     

中国陶瓷业如何与国际市场对接——访中国建筑卫生陶瓷协会秘书长缪斌

我国是陶瓷生产大国,近几年发展速度很快.2001年,我国的建筑陶瓷产量约20亿平方米,卫生瓷5000万件以上,全年全行业出口额超过2亿美元,创历史最好水平.加入WTO给我国陶瓷行业带来了很多机遇和挑战,但我们究竟与意大利、西班牙等陶瓷强国差距在哪里呢?记者最近走访了中国建筑陶瓷协会秘书长缪斌先生.恰逢秘书长刚从欧洲考察回来,便聊起这次欧洲之行……     

Accumulation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in cured pork sausages treated with propolis extracts

Propolis collected by bees has many components that possess antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Cured ground pork meat was treated separately with 0.4% w/w ethanol‐extracted propolis (EEP 0.4%), 0.6% w/w water‐extracted propolis (WEP 0.6%), 0.8% w/w dried residue of ethanol‐extracted propolis (DREEP 0.8%) and 0.1% w/w potassium sorbate (PS 0.1%) and made into sausages. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the sausages to assess the effects of storage at 5, 10 and 20 °C after 0, 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of storage at 5 °C the sausages treated with EEP 0.4%, DREEP 0.8%, WEP 0.6% and PS 0.1% yielded TBARS values which were 50, 59, 35 and 91% respectively of the control value. There was an increase of 0.33 mg MDA kg^?1, the lowest of all treatments, in TBARS for the 0.4% w/w EEP‐treated sausages. The curing process will control microbiological spoilage, as will potassium sorbate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Natural quality two-band LPC coding of speech at 880 bit/s withframe interpolation

A novel frame interpolation technique for two-band linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders is proposed for maintaining natural speech quality at bit rates below 1 kbit/s. Experimental results show that the speech quality of the proposed vocoder is quite natural at bit rates 880 bit/s and comparable to that of 4.8 kbit/s CELP     

Effects of solidification structure on fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength in Al−Si−Mg cast alloys

Rotating-bending uniaxial fatigue tests and micro-fatigue crack initiation tests were carried out using a permanent mold cast (PMC) and semi-solid die cast (SDC) with Al−7%Si−0.35%Mg composition in order to examine the relationship between solidification structures and fatigue behaviors. The crack length was measured using a replication method. Fatigue strength was improved in SDC, which was almost consistent with the predicted fatigue strength using the size of Si particle cluster. Resistance to fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength were improved in SDC owing to the finer Si cluster and to higher ultimate tensile strength. Fatigue crack in PMC was preferentially initiated at pores. For SDC, the fatigue crack was initiated at the Si particle/matrix interface, and then sucessively grew along eutectic cell boundaries.     

Automatic conversion from lexical words to prosodic words for mandarin text-to-speech system

In real speech, not like lexical words (LWs), prosodic words (PWs) are basic rhythmic units. The naturalness of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system is directly influenced by the segmentation of the PWs. Most of the PWs are the combination of several LWs. In this paper, three Lexical Combination Models are proposed to combine LWs into PWs, including a Directed Acyclic Graph Model, a Segmentation Model and a Markov Model (MM). To cope with the situation where some long LWs should be segmented into two or more PWs, a Lexical Split Model (LSM) is applied to the long LWs. Experimental results prove that relatively constant results with various training data can be obtained from a MM. The Transformation-Based Error Driven Learning (TBED) algorithm, for its high performance of individual property, is applied in combination with the MM to improve the precision of PW segmentation. Experiments show that among the three proposed models, the MM combined with TBED and LSM, leads to the best performance, in which a precision of 93.00% and a recall of 93.23% are achieved. The perception test indicates that by using PWs as the lowest prosodic units a speech sounds more natural and acceptable than by using LWs. This paper is supported by NSFC Project (60503071); 973 Natural Basic Research Program of China (2004CB318102); Postdoctor Science Foundation of P. R. China (20070420275).     

Facile modifications of polyimide via chloromethylation: II. Synthesis and characterization of thermocurable transparent polyimide having methylene acrylate side groups

From chloromethylated polyimide, a useful starting material for modification of aromatic polyimides, a thermocurable transparent polyimide having acrylate side groups was prepared. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec‐7‐ene, chloromethylated polyimide was esterified with acrylic acid to synthesize poly(imide methylene acrylate). The polymer was soluble in organic solvent, which makes it possible to prepare a planar film by spin coating. The polymer film became insoluble after thermal treatment at 230 °C for 30 min. Optical transparency of the film at 400 nm (for 1 µm thickness) was higher than 98 % and not affected by further heating at 230 °C for 250 min. Adhesion properties measured by the ASTM D3359‐B method ranged from 4B to 5B. Preliminary results of planarization testing showed a high degree of planarization (DOP) value (>0.53). These properties demonstrate that poly(imide methylene acrylate) could be utilized as a thermocurable transparent material in fabricating display devices such as TFT‐LCD. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

甘三酯立体专一分析的研究：（Ⅱ）甘三酯立体专一分析方法初探

在第一部分综合讨论的基础上对甘三酯立体专一分析方法作了初步探讨。以液体油(菜油)及固体脂(猪脂)为基质,系统地研究了这一分析方法,取得了经验并补充了一些具体验证方法。分析液体油的结果与文献数据相一致,分析猪脂的结果欠佳,还存在一些问题需待进一步研究。     

Grazing incidence reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared (GIRA-FTIR) spectroscopic studies on the ferroelectric behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) ultrathin films

Grazing incidence reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared (GIRA-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the ferroelectric behavior of a thin poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) P(VDF–TrFE) copolymer. The lab-built GIRA-FTIR apparatus allowed the heating and corona poling process to be carried out whilst collecting the GIRA spectra of the thin polymer film. The Curie transition from the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase was confirmed from the abrupt change in intensity of the 849 cm⁻¹ band in the RA-FTIR spectrum. It was found that the Curie temperature dropped dramatically when the film thickness was lowered to below a certain critical value of approximately 100 nm. The switching of the CF₂ dipoles in the ferroelectric crystals after applying the external electric field could be determined by monitoring the change in the 849 cm⁻¹ band intensity. For the 600 nm thick P(VDF–TrFE) film, the switching of the dipoles appears to occur almost instantaneously, while the kinetics of dipole switching of the 75 nm thick film were significantly retarded. The repeated switchability of the CF₂ dipoles upon the application of a bipolar cyclic electric field was also confirmed. The bistability of the film due to remnant polarization was also confirmed from the absorbance of the 849 cm⁻¹ band after removing the applied voltage during corona poling.