Annular‐ring slot antenna designs with circular polarization radiation

The design of a microstrip‐fed annular‐ring slot antenna (ARSA) with circular polarization (CP) radiation is initially studied. To obtain CP radiation with broad 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth that can cover the WiMAX 2.3 GHz (2305–2320 MHz, 2345–2360 MHz) and WLAN 2.4 GHz (2400–2480 MHz) bands, a novel technique of extending an inverted L‐shaped slot from the bottom section of the annular‐ring is proposed. To suppress the harmonic modes induced by the CP ARSA, the technique of integrating a defected ground structure into the annular‐ring slot is further introduced. From the measured results, 10‐dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 44.86 and 9.68% were achieved by the proposed harmonic suppressed CP ARSA. Furthermore, average gain and radiation efficiency of ～4.7 dBic and 71%, respectively, were also exhibited across the bands of interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:337–345, 2015.     

中原油田岩石可钻性与声波时差关系研究

选取中原油田的大量岩心，采用常规岩石力学测试方法测定了岩石的可钻性、声波测试方法测定了岩石和岩屑声波时差，通过对测得的岩石可钻性级值和声波时差进行回归拟合，得出了中原油田岩石可钻性与声波时差的关系式。现场应用表明，该关系式较好地反映了中原油田地层岩石可钻性与声波时差的关系，可以在优选钻头时作为参考或直接应用。     

Modeling node mobility for reliable packet delivery in mobile ip networks

In this paper, we analyze node mobility for reliable packet delivery in mobile IP networks. In mobile IP, packets destined to roaming nodes are intercepted by their home agents and delivered via tunneling to their care of addresses (CoA). A mobile node may roam across multiple subnets. At each boundary crossing, a handoff is initiated such that the CoA is updated and a new tunnel is established. We consider both basic mobile IP handoff and smooth handoff. We find that reliable packet delivery in mobile IP networks can be modeled as a renewal process, because the retransmission over a new tunnel after each boundary crossing is independent of the previous history. We then derive the probability distribution of boundary crossings for each successful packet, based on which the packet reliable delivery time can be obtained. Our analytical model is derived based on a general distribution of residence time in a subnet and a general distribution of successful retransmission attempts in each subnet. The results can be readily applied to any distributions for both items. We also provide numerical examples to calculate the probability distribution of boundary crossings, and conduct simulations to validate our analytical results     

Dissolution processes,hydrolysis and condensation reactions during geopolymer synthesis: Part I—Low Si/Al ratio systems

Initial geopolymeric reaction processes governing dissolution of solid aluminosilicate particles in alkali solutions have been investigated using conventional experimental techniques, and the data analysed by speciation predictions of the partial charge model (PCM). For metakaolin powders activated with 5.0 M NaOH, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra disclose the existence of monomeric [Al(OH)₄]⁻ species after two hours of dissolution, consistent with PCM predictions. However, no equivalent monomeric silicate species were observed for 5.0–10.0 M NaOH activator solutions characteristic of systems with nominal Si/Al ≤ 1. The apparent absence of monomeric silicate species suggest rapid condensation of silicate units with [Al(OH)₄]⁻ to generate aluminosilicate species, as indicated by the evolution of the shoulder at around −87 ppm in the ²⁹Si NMR spectra. Of the two possible stable silicate species [SiO₂(OH)₂]²⁻ and [SiO(OH)₃]⁻, the latter appears most likely to condense with [Al(OH)₄]⁻ to produce aluminosilicate oligomers, from which larger oligomers subsequently form through further condensation with [Al(OH)₄]⁻ leading to a gradual build up of aluminosilicate networks and a lowering of system alkalinity. This dissolution and hydrolysis sequence at the early stages of synthesis suggests a reaction path wholly consistent with predictions of the partial charge model.     

Modeling low-frequency electrode-type resistivity tools in invadedthin beds

The authors formulate and implement a numerical mode-matching (NMM) method to model electrode-type resistivity tools in invaded thin beds. The authors derive the low-frequency approximation of the Maxwell's equations to obtain the partial differential equation for the potential field. The new NMM program is validated by comparing the numerical results with those obtained from other dc programs. It is found that this new program is much faster than the program using the finite-element method (FEM), and hence is useful for routine interpretation of resistivity logs and for inversion     

Dissolution processes,hydrolysis and condensation reactions during geopolymer synthesis: Part II. High Si/Al ratio systems

The mechanisms of speciation of aluminate and silicate phases during dissolution and condensation stages of alumino-silicate geopolymer reactions characterised by Si/Al ≥ 3, have been investigated and the results compared to predictions of the partial charge model. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) traces indicate that free [Al(OH)₄]⁻ species, present in lower silicate formulations such as Si/Al ≤ 1, do not occur in the present systems, suggesting that the condensation reaction between [Al(OH)₄]⁻ and silicate species is fairly quick and is consumed as soon as it is formed. This observation is also consistent with both calorimetric measurements and model predictions, as the condensation time increased exponentially with increased Si/Al ratio in the geopolymeric phase, indicating again that the high content of Al species in the gel phase greatly enhanced the condensation rate. The experimental observations suggest that the condensation process in these systems occurs in two stages: (a) quick condensation between aluminate and silicate species; followed by (b) a slow condensation stage solely involving silicate species.     

纺织信息的网上检索方法

主要介绍在网上检索纺织信息的几种方法和处理技术，为人们检索纺织信息提供了方便快捷的途径。     

Organic‐acid‐catalyzed sol–gel route for preparing poly(methyl methacrylate)–silica hybrid materials

In this study, a series of organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel materials consisting of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix and dispersed silica (SiO₂) particles were successfully prepared through an organic‐acid‐catalyzed sol–gel route with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as the mixing solvent. The as‐synthesized PMMA–SiO₂ nanocomposites were subsequently characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The solid phase of organic camphor sulfonic acid was employed to catalyze the hydrolysis and condensation (i.e., sol–gel reactions) of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the PMMA matrix. The formation of the hybrid membranes was beneficial for the physical properties at low SiO₂ loadings, especially for enhanced mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, in comparison with the neat PMMA. The effects of material composition on the thermal stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, molecular permeability, optical clarity, and surface morphology of the as‐prepared hybrid PMMA–SiO₂ nanocomposites in the form of membranes were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, gas permeability analysis, ultraviolet–visible transmission spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Performance of the polymer- and oxide-supported triphase catalysts and effect of ultrasound on their stabilities

In this study, several trialkylamines were immobilized on chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), silica gel, and alumina to prepare triphase catalysts for catalyzing the etherification reaction of allyl bromide (the organic reactant) and sodium phenolate (the aqueous reactant). The reactor was agitated mechanically or with the aid of ultrasonic vibration. Performances of the prepared catalysts were compared, and the effect of imposing ultrasound was investigated based on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. Experimental results show that tri-n-propylamine is the best active species when CMPS is used as the support, while tri-n-butylamine is the best when SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are employed as the supports. The CMPS-supported catalyst is far better than the SiO₂- and Al₂O₃-supported catalysts in activity and selectivity but not in stability. Imposing the ultrasound can effectively increase the reaction rate. Mechanical agitation at a low speed with the imposition of ultrasonic vibration not only results in a conversion slightly higher than the case with a high mechanical agitation speed without ultrasonic vibration, but also gives a constant stability for the CMPS-supported catalyst.