Advanced disturbance observer design for mechanical positioning systems

Disturbance-observer (DOB)-based controller design is one of the most popular methods in the field of motion control. In this paper, the generalized disturbance compensation framework, named the robust internal-loop compensator (RIC) is introduced and an advanced design method of a DOB is proposed based on the RIC. The mixed sensitivity optimization problem, which is the main issue of DOB design, is also solved through the parametrization of the DOB in the RIC framework. Differently from conventional methods, the Q-filter is separated from the mixed sensitivity optimization problem and a systematic design law for the DOB is proposed. This guarantees the robustness and optimality of the DOB and enables the design for unstable plants.     

合成己二腈反应技术研究——(Ⅴ)己二腈工业反应过程模拟与反应器改造

对己二腈工业反应器提出了两釜串联带回流的模型,通过模拟计算得出模型的级间返混系数 f=6的结论。该模型能较好地预测工业反应器中物料组分浓度变化和气、液两相的流动特性;指出了现工业反应器的鼓泡中和段体积偏小是造成己二酸浓度偏高的关键;提出了可以通过增加串连一个鼓泡预反应段的改造方案,能有效地降低己二酸的浓度,从7%降至4%左右,从而能较好地减缓腐蚀和结焦。     

Enantioselective antiplatelet actions of nipecotamides

This investigation retrospectively examined changes in marital satisfaction following stroke. The relationship between such changes and other pertinent factors were also examined, including severity of aphasia, knowledge of aphasia, number of months after stroke, and length of the marriage. The subjects were 40 spouses of patients with aphasia grouped according to severity of the aphasia (mild, moderate, severe). Spouses completed two different measures of marital satisfaction--the Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS) and the Marital Comparison Level Index (MCLI). These measures were completed in both a prestroke (retrospective reporting) and a poststroke format to allow for change to be assessed. In addition, a Knowledge of Aphasia questionnaire was completed by the normal spouses to evaluate their understanding of the disorder of aphasia. There was a significant difference between prestroke and poststroke scores on both the MSS and the MCLI, indicating a lower level of satisfaction following the stroke. The amount of change between prestroke and poststroke MSS and MCLI scores was not related to either number of months poststroke or number of years married. Although there was no relationship between changes in prestroke and poststroke scores on the MCLI and Knowledge of Aphasia scores, there was a significant correlation between changes in these scores on the MSS and Knowledge of Aphasia scores. Hence, the more knowledge spouses had regarding aphasia, the less the negative impact the stroke had on marital satisfaction, as measured by the MSS. Results are discussed in terms of the interdisciplinary treatment needs of aphasic patients and the implications for future investigations.     

应用于生物医学的光声光谱技术的改进和实验研究

改进的光声光谱归一化技术，避免了普通的分光法归一化光声光谱技术中分束镜以及锁相放大器动态范围的影响和限制，实现宽光谱范围内准确的光谱测量。氙灯光源功率起伏用修正项修正，误差在5％以内，实现各次实验数据的可比性。     

Evaluating the impact of CASE: an empirical comparison of retrospective and cross-sectional survey approaches

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two methods of assessing the productivity and quality impact of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and Fourth Generation Language (4GL) technologies: (1) by the retrospective method; and (2) the cross-sectional method. Both methods involve the use of questionnaire surveys. Developers' perceptions depend on the context in which they are expressed and this includes expectations about the effectiveness of a given software product. Consequently, it is generally not reliable to base inferences about the relative merits of CASE and 4GLs on a cross-sectional comparison of two separate samples of users. The retrospective method that requires each respondent to directly compare different products is shown to be more reliable. However, there may be scope to employ cross-sectional comparisons of the findings from different samples where both sets of respondents use the same reference point for their judgements, and where numerical rather than verbal rating scales are used to measure perceptions.     

Kinetics of two-step anionic polymerization

This article deals with the kinetics of two-step anionic polymerization by way of a non-steady state method. Several molecular parameters can be evaluated using the formulae developed. A bimodal molecular weight distribution function for the resulting polymer is derived from the set of kinetic differential equations, which is in agreement with the experimental data reported.     

Presupposition failure — A comedy of errors

Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition.     

CAD-oriented formulas for the quasi-tem parameters of shielded and semi-enclosed (coupled) coplanar waveguides

On the magnetic-wall approximation for their slots, shielded coplanar waveguides (SCPWs) and semienclosed CPWs (SECPWs) are analyzed through an intensive use of elliptic function transformation. CAD-oriented formulas for the quasi-TEM parameters of SCPWs and SECPWs, including their coupled versions, are derived. The comparison of the results calculated here with previous ones show 2% accuracy for formulas in the practical situation where the slots are not too wide, e.g., s / (s + 2w) ≥ 0.2 for an SCPW. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

在经典极限下量子斯特林制冷机的优化

经济利润率是评价一个实际热力装置的主要指标之一。将有限时间热力学，非平衡量子统计理论和yong经济学相结合，导出了量子斯特林制冷机的最大利润率以及对应的性能界限，其结果与实际斯特林制冷机的优化设计和模型评估提供了一个最佳的预选方案。