Establishment time of liquid flow in a bath agitated by bottom gas injection

The establishment time of gas-liquid two-phase flows in a cylindrical bath agitated by bottom gas injection through a central single-hole bottom nozzle was investigated. Because the turbulence intensity in the bath was comparable to or larger than the unity, the conventional definition of the flow establishment time based on the history of mean velocity was not suitable for the present case. In fact, it was difficult to determine the flow establishment time based on the well-known 90 or 99 pct criterion for the mean velocity. Accordingly, two methods of determining the flow establishment time by focusing on the turbulence components instead of the mean velocity components were proposed. Velocity measurements were made with a two-channel laser Doppler velocimeter. The flow establishment time was correlated as a function of gas flow rate. Close agreement was obtained by the two methods.     

Intestinal metaplasia with adherent Helicobacter pylori: a hybrid epithelium with both gastric and intestinal features

Helicobacter pylori seem to avoid areas of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa, but attachment of these bacteria to epithelium with the appearance of incomplete intestinal metaplasia has been documented. To characterize the nature of the epithelium to which H pylori was attached, we carried out an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies against gastric surface mucous cell mucins (M1), blood group-related carbohydrates antigens (Le(a), sialyl Le(a), Le(b), type 1H, and type 2H) and sialyl Tn antigen. The results of this study suggest that these areas of H pylori attachment represent a hybrid epithelium whose cells share characteristics of both gastric surface mucous cells and intestinal metaplastic cells. Whether all areas of incomplete intestinal metaplasia represent an intermediate stage between the normal gastric epithelium and the fully developed complete type of metaplasia remains to be determined.     

Monte Carlo simulation of hydrogen absorption in palladium and palladium–silver alloys

A modified Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was performed to investigate the hydrogen absorption behavior in Pd and Pd–Ag alloys of the composition Pd_xAg_1−x (x=0.7–0.8) under H₂ pressure (0.1 MPa) at different temperatures. The present method employed can consider the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen molecule and the subsequent absorption of hydrogen atom by formalizing the relationship between the pressure of hydrogen molecule and hydrogen atom. The potential parameters were determined to reproduce the solution enthalpy of hydrogen in pure metals. The results are in good agreement with experimental findings as well as previous theoretical studies. We confirmed that our method is useful to simulate the absorption of hydrogen in metals and alloys.     

Pathway to health: Cluster-randomized trail to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among smokers in public housing.

Objectives: Examine the effectiveness of an intervention to increase fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption among smokers. Design: Cluster-randomized trial of 20 public housing developments; 10 randomly assigned to an FV intervention and 10 to a smoking cessation intervention. Main outcome measures: Usual (past 7 days) and past 30 days change in daily FV intake at 8 weeks and 6 months postbaseline. Results: Greater increases were seen in the FV group. At Week 8 and Month 6, the FV group had consumed 1.58 (p = .001) and 0.78 (p = .04), respectively, more daily FV servings in the past 7 days than the cessation group. At the same time points, the FV group had consumed 3.61 (p = .01) and 3.93 (p = .01), respectively, more FV servings in the past 30 days than the cessation group. Completing more motivational interviewing sessions (p = .02) and trying more recipes (p = .02) led to significantly greater increases at Month 6 among FV participants. Conclusions: Motivational interviewing counseling and lifestyle modification through trying out healthy recipes may be effective in helping a high-risk population increase their FV intake. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The mystery of homosexuality.

Argues that psychoanalysts have repeatedly attempted to (dis)locate homosexuals within a theory of gender that rests on essential distinctions between what is feminine and what is masculine. The best illustration of this (dis)location is the manner in which the male homosexual has been regarded as feminine. Calling gay men feminine neither sufficiently problematizes their experience of gender nor adequately captures the vicissitudes of gender. The author contends that male homosexuality is a differently structured masculinity, not a simulated femininity. Though both heterosexual and homosexual men readily identify themselves as men, the gay man's gender identity is distinguished by his experience of passivity in relation to another man. A crucial step in the treatment of any gay man is the recognition of his early gender experience. The heterosexual male analyst's countertransference difficulties with homosexual male patients are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)