Interactions of pluronic block copolymers with brain microvessel endothelial cells: evidence of two potential pathways for drug absorption

The effect of stimulus size on the pattern onset-offset visual evoked potential elicited with stimuli of two different wavelengths is studied under intensive yellow adaptation: (1) The onset response obtained with a 460 nm pattern is of negative polarity (N1) and saturates in amplitude with a stimulus radius of 7 deg. The onset response obtained with a 550 nm pattern is of positive polarity and continues to increase up to the maximum size (32.2 deg). (2) The peak time of N1 (460 nm) decreases with increasing stimulus size, that of P1 (550 nm) remains constant. These results are discussed as reflecting either varying retinal and brain anatomy, or cone activity, color-opponent activity, or luminance contrast activity.     

Double-blind comparison of lansoprazole 15 mg, lansoprazole 30 mg, and placebo in the maintenance of healed gastric ulcer

Traditionally health care outcomes have been evaluated by measuring immediate and long-term survival. This paper demonstrates the importance of quality of life as an alternative outcome indicator by considering two dimensions of quality of life and how they affect patients following liver transplantation. These two dimensions are physical recovery and functional recovery and they are considered by analysing the literature exploring quality of life following liver transplantation. Physical recovery is be subdivided into sleep, pain and mobility and functional recovery is subdivided into occupational rehabilitation and domestic rehabilitation.     

Influence of communication during the distant phase of the 1996 republican presidential primary campaign

This study examines the influence of five communication modalities on voters' perceptions of candidates during what Popkin terms 'the distant phase' of the presidential primary campaign. During the final week of the New Hampshire primary campaign, researchers surveyed 315 prospective votes in four states whose primaries followed New Hampshire's by 1, 2, 4, and 5 weeks. The results revealed that political talk radio exerted the greatest influence on voters' perceptions of Bob Dole and considerable impact on perceptions of Steve Forbes. In addition, prospective voters' conversations with other people, television news, and candidate spots (only for Forbes) exerted modest influence on voters' perceptions of Republican candidates.     

Blood-to-brain glucose transport and cerebral glucose metabolism are not reduced in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes

Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that thiazide diuretics can prevent bone loss and decrease the incidence of hip fractures. However, the mechanism of the effect of diuretics on bone is not clearly established. Indapamide (IDP), a sulfonamide diuretic related to thiazides, is used to treat hypertension. Sixty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into four groups and treated with or without IDP (1.5 mg/kg/day) during 8 weeks in the presence or absence of a high sodium load (8% NaCl supplementation in the diet). Sodium and calcium excretions were increased in the rats receiving the high sodium load (SHR + 8% NaCl) comparatively with control rats (SHR). IDP decreased and increased, respectively, calcium and sodium excretions. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was unchanged in any group. Bone density was measured at the femur, tibia, and vertebrae, and bone morphometry was performed at the metaphysis of the femur to evaluate bone architecture. Rats fed a high sodium diet had an average 5.5% decreased bone density at every site except the femoral diaphysis. The trabecular bone volume was also decreased (SHR + 8% NaCl vs. SHR, 11.99+/-0.78 vs. 17.51+/-1.5%, p < 0.05). An increase in trabecular separation suggested that these changes were due to increased bone resorption. In the SHR + 8% NaCl + IDP group, IDP increased bone density and trabecular bone volume (SHR + 8% NaCl + IDP vs. SHR + 8% NaCl, 16.52+/-1.04 vs. 11.99+/-0.78%, p < 0.05). Trabecular separation and pyridinoline/creatinine excretion (SHR + 8% NaCl + IDP vs. SHR + 8% NaCl, 136.39+/-9.62 vs. 195.18+/-22.34 nmol/mmol, p < 0.05) were also decreased by IDP. These results show that in rats receiving a high sodium diet, IDP can reverse sodium-induced bone loss and increased bone resorption independently of changes in serum PTH.     

Implications of N and C-terminal proximity for protein folding

We have investigated the proximity of the N and C termini in protein structures, and developed a model to test the theoretical possibility that proteins fold with their termini closely associated. On average, the distance between the termini is not significantly different from what would be expected based on chance. However, the theoretical model indicated that it is possible to greatly decrease the N-to-C terminal distance by allowing small (approximately six amino acid residues) solvent-accessible terminal fragments to move. Subsequent to this distance minimization method, more than 90% of the proteins studied had smaller-than-expected N-to-C distances, but only minor structural modification.     

New perspectives on the biology and treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets

This article updates the practicing pediatrician's knowledge of the hypophophatemic disorders that may occur in children. The classic X-linked disorder is emphasized. Details of clinical manifestations, the wide spectrum of disease severity, and complications of the disorder in adults are reviewed. Recent research, new genetic findings, and speculations regarding pathophysiology are discussed. A strategy for approaching medical treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is provided, together with complications of treatment and treatment after cessation of growth.     

RHEOLOGY OF SUCROSE-CMC MODEL SOLUTION

The rheological behavior of an aqueous solution composed of 65% sucrose and 0.1% CMC was experimentally determined from -10C to 50C using a rotational viscometer equipped with coaxial cylinders. The model solution behaved as pseudoplastic fluid, represented by the power-law model. Flow behavior and consistency indices determined at -10.1, 0.5, 9.8, 19.0, 30.1 and 50. OC, showed values between 0.79 to 0.86 and 0.15 to 10.22 Pa. sⁿ, respectively. The effect of temperature on the rheological parameters was represented by Arrhenius-type relationships, with R²≥ 0.97. They were compared to the rheological behavior of a concentrated orange juice with 65° Brix and 7% pulp content. The comparison of separate rheograms for both fluids showed that the model solution can be used to represent concentrated orange juice.     

NM2:噪声地图和监测

噪声地图被公认是城市规划和管理的得力工具.不过它的可靠性和大众对它的信心在很大程度上取决于噪声地图是否可以通过利用噪声监测数据来校正和更新.此外,噪声地图应能反映因不断变化的交通情况而产生的噪声水平.通过回顾噪声地图在世界上在制作和应用上面对的问题,讨论其拥有噪卢监测功能的必要性,与作为协助决策者和广大群众做出合适决定...     

Enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolated from acute gastroenteritis patients in Lagos, Nigeria

Enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli were isolated from 52 (4.8%) of 1,082 patients with acute gastroenteritis reporting at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between October 1979 and March, 1981. Of the 52 strains of E. coli isolated, 35 (67.3%) were enteropathogenic, 12 (23.1%) were enterotoxigenic and five (9.6%) were enteroinvasive. E. coli 0111 (25.7%) was the most predominant among the serotypes of the "classical" enteropathogenic strains found in this study. Diarrhoea associated with enteropathogenic E. coli occurred only in children aged less than five years, whereas enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive E. coli were found primarily in adults. The study has highlighted for the first time the important role that enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive E. coli strains could play in acute diarrhoeal diseases in Lagos, Nigeria.