Distribution-free composite Shewhart-GWMA Mann-Whitney charts for monitoring the process location

The Mann-Whitney (MW) statistic is one of the most recommended two-sample statistical tests when the assumption of normality fails to hold due to its robustness and fascinating properties especially when small sample sizes are involved. In order to improve the sensitivity of the generally weighted moving average (GWMA) monitoring scheme toward the detection of large shifts, in this paper, a new distribution-free phase II composite Shewhart-GWMA (CSG) scheme is proposed using the MW U statistic. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated using the average run-length (ARL) and average extra quadratic loss (AEQL) values through extensive simulations. The performance of this newly proposed monitoring scheme is found to be superior when compared to numerous memory-type MW schemes (some existing and others introduced in this paper) in many situations. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the implementation of the CSG MW U scheme using real-life data.     

Generally weighted moving average monitoring schemes: Overview and perspectives

An overview of monitoring schemes from a class called generally weighted moving average (GWMA) is provided. A GWMA scheme is an extended version of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme with an additional adjustment parameter that introduces more flexibility in the GWMA model as it adjusts the kurtosis of the weighting function so that the GWMA scheme can be designed such that it has an advantage over the corresponding EWMA scheme in the detection of certain shift values efficiently. The parametric and distribution-free GWMA schemes to monitor various quality characteristics and its existing enhanced versions (ie, double GWMA, composite Shewhart-GWMA, mixed GWMA-CUSUM, and mixed CUSUM-GWMA) have better performance than their corresponding EWMA counterparts in many situations; hence, all such existing research works discussing GWMA-related schemes (ie, 66 publications in total) are documented and categorized in such a manner that it is easy to identify research gaps. Finally, a number of possible future research ideas are provided.     

Distribution-free double-sampling precedence monitoring scheme to detect unknown shifts in the location parameter

In most applications, parametric monitoring schemes are used to monitor the majority of industrial and nonindustrial processes in order to improve the quality of the outputs or services. However, parametric monitoring schemes are known to underperform when the normality assumption is not met or when there is not enough information about the symmetry or asymmetry nature of the process underlying distribution. Hence, in this paper, a new nonparametric Phase II Shewhart-type double-sampling (DS) monitoring scheme based on the precedence statistic is proposed in order to efficiently monitor quality processes when the underlying process distribution departs from normality. The performance is investigated using the average run length (ARL), standard deviation of the run length (SDRL), expected ARL (EARL) and expected average number of observations to signal (EANOS), and the average sample sizes (ASS) metrics. The latter metrics are computed using Monte Carlo simulation and exact formulae. In general, it is shown that the new DS precedence scheme outperforms the existing basic Shewhart precedence scheme with and without supplementary runs rules in many situations. A real-life illustrative example based on a filling process of milk bottles is provided to demonstrate the application and implementation of the new DS precedence monitoring scheme.     

西藏南部地区人工爆炸地震探测的地壳结构

众所周如,西藏地区是研究地球深部结构和构造的窗口,是研究大陆板块学说的重要场所,也是寻找热源和其它矿产资源的有利地区.因此,世界各国地学科学家都希望在本地区进行科学研究工作,或与我国科学工作者协作共同探索这一重要地区.中国和法国的地质、地球物理科学家经商讨共同组成“中法喜马拉雅山地质研究队”,对西藏中部广大地区进行地质、地球物理的科学研究工作.深部地震探测是地球物理研究中的重要内容.中法双方共同决定,在中国西藏南部的日喀则地区至北边的那曲地区作地震探测工作.为了探测地壳上地幔的结构,1981年在西藏的南部佩枯错至普莫雍错500公里的喜马拉雅山北麓——雅鲁藏布江地区进行了人工爆炸地震探测工作.本文是中法地质研究队合作的深部地震探测资料的解释结果.     

超短高功率脉冲激光与物质相互作用及其应用

超短高功率脉冲激光系统的小型化实用化极大地促进了激光与物质相互作用的物理和应用研究。回顾加拿大魁北克大学国立科学研究院材料研究所（简称ＩＮＲＳ）的超短高功率脉冲激光产生高温高密度等离子体的最新研究成果及其在分子物理和辐射约束高温高密度等离子体物理中的应用。     

Introduction

Networks and Spatial Economics -     

Use of contact area trace to study the force distributions inside 2D granular systems

We have experimentally studied the distribution of contact forces within two-dimensional granular packings with binary size distribution, composed of water-softener salt disks of uniform thickness, under an oedometric compression. We propose a simple experimental method based on the measurement of contact area to determine the forces that act at the point of contact between disks loaded in their plane. We confirm experimentally the results of numerical simulations on contact force distributions within two-dimensional packings of disks under an oedometric compression.     

Proprietes magnetiques de l'oxyde de vanadium V3O7

Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements on V₃O₇ from 4,2 to 600 K characterize a paramagnetic behaviour above 18 K : the samples follow a Curie-Weiss law with a Curie constant in good agreement with a spin only value $\text{S}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}$ per V⁴⁺. At lower temperature the magnetic ordering may be attributed to a metamagnetic behaviour resulting from the layer type structure.     

Kinetic study of the sulfurisation of cuprous halides in hydrogen sulfide. Cuprous bromide and iodide

The sulfurisation of cuprous bromides and iodides in hydrogen sulfide, at low pressure, leads to the formation of a porous chalcosine layer, as already investigated in the case of chlorides. The step which fixes the conversion rate is the diffusion of the gaseous reagents in the pores of the sulfide formed. Experimental activation energies are 15 and 34 kcal.Mole^?1 respectively, at every step of the reaction.