Why spin = 1, 2 species have no electron paramagnetic resonance signal under normal conditions: possible detection by electron paramagnetic resonance at frequency close to D value?

A universal EPR simulation program has been created by the author, which is based on the following spin Hamiltonian equation: [equation: see text] where D and E are the axial and rhombic zero-field splitting parameters, respectively. The program can be used for simulation of EPR spectra with half-integer electronic spin (S = n/2, n = 3, 5, 7, 9) systems. In this article, the integer spin (S = n/2, n = 2, 4) systems are also considered. The EPR simulation results show that when D > frequency, no EPR signal can be seen from EPR simulation; when D approximately frequency, whichever X/Q/W-band is used, the EPR signal can be seen on the basis of the simulated EPR results presented.     

On the J-integral in periodically layered composites

When a heterogeneous elastic material is represented by an effective homogeneous elastic solid, average stress and strain fields are used. The meaning of the J-integral in the effective homogeneous solid is investigated. A periodically layered medium is considered. The relation between the J-integrals in the original layered medium and the effective medium is derived.     

An anthropocentric approach to knowledge-based preventive maintenance

It is common knowledge today that application of sound manufacturing concepts and techniques will only provide cost-effective, long-term return when manufacturing functions are totally integrated with the operators, maintenance engineers and other associated personnel. This paper presents a human-centred methodology and its associated knowledge-based tool, to utilize equipment failure information for the purpose of machine down-time minimization. Based upon a structured and rigorous assessment of each breakdown, and combined with total employee participation, continuous improvement of maintenance function and operational effectiveness of equipment can be made a reality.     

捷克5500m^3／min轴流式高炉鼓风机叶片损坏原因及分析

就５５００ｍ＾３／ｍｉｎ高炉鼓风机动，静叶片损坏事故发生的经过以及有关资料，从几个方面详细分析了事故发生的原因。     

The As-prepared surfaces of C-axis-oriented Nd1Ba2Cu3Oy thin films characterized using scanning probe microscopes

Recently, superconducting Nd₁Ba₂Cu₃O_y (Ndl23) thin films with high superconducting transition temperature (T _c) have been successfully fabricated at our institute employing the standard laser ablation method. In this paper, we report the results of surface characterization of the Nd123 thin films using an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope/spectroscopy (UHV-STM/STS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) system operated in air. Clear spiral pattern is observed on the surfaces of Nd123 thin films by STM and AFM, suggesting that films are formed by two-dimensional island growth mode. Contour plots of the spirals show that the step heights of the spirals are not always the integer or half-integer number of thec-axis parameter of the structure. This implies that the surface natural termination layer of the films may not be unique. This result is supported byI-V STS measurements. The surface morphology of the Nd123 thin films is compared with that of thec-axis-oriented Y₁Ba₂Cu₃S_y thin films. Surface atomic images of the as-prepared Nd123 thin films are obtained employing both STM and AFM. STS measurements show that most of the surfaces are semiconductive. The results of STS measurements together with the fact that we are able to see the surface atomic images using scanning probe microscopes suggest that exposure to air does not cause serious degradation to the as-prepared surfaces of Nd123 thin films.     

Fast convergent integral equation solution of strip gratings on dielectric substrate

A fast convergent integral equation solution to the scattering problem of a transverse electric/transverse magnetic (TE/TM) plane wave by a one-dimensional periodic array of thin metal strips on a dielectric substrate is described. The formulation of the integral equation is similar to that derived by Montgomery for a two-dimensional periodic array of thin conductors on a dielectric substrate. However, the basis functions which satisfy the appropriate edge conditions are incorporated here for the unknown current expansion on the strips. Following the standard Galerkin's procedure, one may readily determine the induced currents on the strips and thus the reflected and transmitted fields. Sample numerical results are given and good agreement with previously published data is obtained. It is found that the convergence rate of this method is improved by an order of magnitude. Also it is shown that the dielectric substrate has a strong effect on the scattering from the large spacing strip grating.     

靖边薄层云岩气藏对储层改造技术的地质需求

靖边气田古生界奥陶系马家沟组马五21和马五31气藏、已探明天然气地质储量530×108m3.气藏具有低压、低渗和低产的特征,非均质薄层云岩储集层产出能力受局部鼻状构造部位和岩性双重制约.天然裂缝发育程度差别大、且又分布不均匀.主要储层结构为缝洞-孔隙型和裂缝-孔隙型,因而压裂施工作业中,破压梯度高、延伸裂缝压力高、人工造缝缝宽窄.依据产能差别,将现有生产井分为Ⅲ种类型.文中提出采用王水酸化施工作业、层内爆裂--稠化酸酸化联作、层内爆裂--稠化酸携砂压裂联作的技术新方案,来提高气田采收率.     

浅析作业成本法在企业中的有效实施

本文通过对作业成本法及其应用情况的总结和归纳,就企业如何有效实施作业成本法进行了粗浅的探讨。     

Iterative finite element model of nonlinear viscoplastic analyses for blended granular porous media

The iterative finite element model, in which an element is used to represent a single particle, is generated to analyze the global behavior of multiple-material aggregates of materially nonlinear viscoplastic particles. The generalized Maxwell model is used to define four types of specific nonlinear viscoplastic materials, which are the elasto visco-plastic matter with linear viscosity, the plasto visco-plastic material with linear viscosity, the elasto visco-plastic media with nonlinear viscosity, and the plasto visco-plastic media with nonlinear viscosity. The theory and relevant penalty iterative algorithm are developed to analyze the four representative mixed granular systems consisting of materially nonlinear viscous particles. To verify precision of stress calculation, solutions of an axis-symmetric radial flow problem are compared with results of the literature and they are in a great agreement. The results present here provide significant insight into the fundamental behavior of granular media under compaction conditions, including prediction of the overall aggregates stress-strain response.