牛磺酸棉酚的抗生育作用

为达到并保持棉酚抗生育性能 ,降低棉酚毒副作用 ,合成了牛磺酸棉酚。经动物试验发现 ,牛磺酸棉酚仍然保持了棉酚抗生育活性 ,而且作用部位及效果与棉酚基本一致 ,其毒性远远低于棉酚。     

Released ATP Mediates Spermatozoa Chemotaxis Promoted by Uterus-Derived Factor (UDF) in Ascaris suum

Fertilization requires sperm migration toward oocytes and subsequent fusion. Sperm chemotaxis, a process in which motile sperm are attracted by factors released from oocytes or associated structures, plays a key role in sperm migration to oocytes. Here, we studied sperm chemotaxis in the nematode Ascaris suum. Our data show that uterus-derived factor (UDF), the protein fraction of uterine extracts, can attract spermatozoa. UDF is heat resistant, but its activity is attenuated by certain proteinases. UDF binds to the surface of spermatozoa but not spermatids, and this process is mediated by membranous organelles that fuse with the plasma membrane. UDF induces spermatozoa to release ATP from intracellular storage sites to the extracellular milieu, and extracellular ATP modulates sperm chemotaxis. Moreover, UDF increases protein serine phosphorylation (pS) levels in sperm, which facilitates sperm chemotaxis. Taken together, we revealed that both extracellular ATP and intracellular pS signaling are involved in Ascaris sperm chemotaxis. Our data provide insights into the mechanism of sperm chemotaxis in Ascaris suum.     

基于参数化功率谱估计的车轮多边形动态识别

由于传统频谱估计方法存在固有缺陷,对车轮多边形振动频率的识别容易产生较大误差,尤其对于初期车轮多边形的识别更是困难。为解决上述问题,基于参数化功率谱估计理论,提出一种车轮多边形动态识别方法。首先,根据车轮多边形的动态特性,建立了谐波频率恢复模型;其次,基于奇异值分解法与归一化误差分析对谐波恢复模型的阶数进行确定;然后,采用总体最小二乘法对谐波恢复模型的参数进行计算;最后,根据Cadzow估计理论对异常磨耗信号进行功率谱估计,并以某地铁车辆的轴箱垂向振动加速度实测信号为例,对该方法的可行性与正确性进行了验证。结果表明：该方法可基于短时序列数据实现高精度频域估计,且对谐波信号敏感,尤其适用于早期车轮多边形异常磨耗信号的识别。     

消火栓箱石材暗门180°开启门轴装置研究

装饰暗门工艺在现行装饰工程中很常见,但当运用于有特殊规范要求的门扇时,传统工艺往往不能兼顾美观与实用性等问题.介绍一种干挂石材消火栓箱暗门通过特殊的转轴系统,使消火栓箱暗门既能够达到消防规范的180°开启角度,又能兼顾立面上整体美观性的要求,并且能保证施工的经济效益,可为类似其他装饰工程提供借鉴.     

益生菌咀嚼片硬度与益生菌细胞存活率的关系

对4种不同硬度的益生菌咀嚼片中的干酪乳杆菌(L.casei Zhang)和长双歧杆菌B1(Bifidobacterium Longum B1)进行活菌检测,并测量相应片剂的厚度和长度。结果表明,40、60、80、100N硬度片剂中L.casei Zhang存活率分别为65.3%、56.6%、51.8%、39.0%;长双歧杆菌B1存活率分别为58.0%、47.5%、31.0%、12.0%。片剂中L.casei Zhang耐受压片机压力的能力高于长双歧杆菌B1。活菌检测时片剂研磨成粉末会损失一部分活菌。片剂厚度、长度与片硬度呈负相关。     

改进小生境粒子群算法应用于电网故障诊断

通过对电网中断路器、保护等设备动作信息分析,建立适合智能算法优化的电网故障诊断分析模型。电网故障模型维数高、离散型、非线性、动态性等特点对智能算法寻优性能要求极高。粒子群优化算法在多维函数寻优、动态目标寻优等方面有着收敛速度快、求解质量高和鲁棒性好等优点。针对电网故障模型的特点,从基本粒子群优化算法的优化特性出发,引入小生境搜索的思想,提出了改进的小生境粒子群优化算法。算例结果表明,改进的优化算法大幅度提高了搜索速度和收敛精度,从根本上提高了电网故障定位精度和故障抢修的反映速度,具有很好的应用前景。     

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase ameliorates bovine adipocyte oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant responses and autophagy

Adipose tissue concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases in dairy cows with ketosis, suggesting that the tissue experiences oxidative stress. Autophagy, an adaptive response to cellular stress, has been shown to promote survival and plays a critical role in antioxidant responses. Dysregulation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is closely related to antioxidant responses and autophagy of adipocytes in animal models of metabolic disorders, but its role in bovine adipose tissue during periods of stress is unknown. We hypothesized that AMPK may play important roles in the regulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue of ketotic cows. Specific objectives were to evaluate autophagy status and AMPK activity in adipose tissue of ketotic cows, and their link with oxidative stress in isolated bovine adipocytes. Selection of 15 healthy and 15 clinically ketotic Holstein cows at 17 (±4) d postpartum was performed after a thorough veterinary evaluation for clinical symptoms and also based on serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations before collection of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. Primary cultures of bovine adipocytes isolated from the harvested adipose tissue were stimulated with varying concentrations of H₂O₂ (0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μM) for 2 h. In another experiment, adipocytes were cultured with the AMPK activator A769662 or adenovirus-containing small interfering RNA (ad-AMPKα-siRNA) for 3 or 48 h, respectively, followed by H₂O₂ exposure (200 μM) for 2 h. Compared with healthy cows, clinical ketosis led to increased abundance of AMPK and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), but lower abundance of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in adipose tissue. Abundance of the key proautophagy proteins Beclin1, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), ATG5, and ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to LC3I were greater in adipose tissue of ketotic cows. In bovine adipocytes, treatment with H₂O₂ induced accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas H₂O₂ stimulation inhibited activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Addition of AMPK activator A769662 increased antioxidant response via activating NFE2L2 and its downstream targets heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to improve H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes. Simultaneously, activation of AMPK increased abundance of Beclin1, SQSTM1, ATG7, ATG5, and ratio of LC3II to LC3I. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK downregulated abundance of NFE2L2, HMOX1, SOD1, CAT, Beclin1, SQSTM1, ATG7, ATG5, and ratio of LC3II to LC3I, and further aggravated H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Overall, these data indicate that activation of AMPK, as an adaptive mechanism for acute metabolic regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis, can induce antioxidant responses and autophagy, and further reduce oxidative stress in bovine adipocytes.     

Effects of surface oxide films on hydrogen permeation and susceptibility to embrittlement of X80 steel under hydrogen atmosphere

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) induced by hydrogen permeation is a serious threat to the hydrogen transmission pipeline. In this study, oxide films were prepared on X80 steel by applying high-temperature oxidation, blackening treatment and passivation in concentrated H₂SO₄, and their effects on hydrogen permeation and HE susceptibility of X80 substrate were studied by conducting hydrogen permeation tests and slow strain rate tension (SSRT) tests. A numerical diffusion model was established to quantitatively determine the resistance of these oxide films to hydrogen permeation. Results showed that the oxide film prepared by high-temperature oxidation presented the highest resistance to hydrogen permeation with the ?_m/?_f value of 3828, and the corresponding HE index decreased from 38.07% for bare X80 steel to only 4.00% for that covered with oxide film. The characteristic of the corresponding fracture surfaces changed from brittle features such as quasi cleavage facets and secondary cracks to typical ductile dimple feature.     

Instability Inception of a Single Rotor Embedded in a Transonic Stage with Partial Surge Inception

Partial surge is a type of instability inception discovered in our previous studies.It has been confirmed that partial surge is localized in the blade hub region,and the flow oscillation it caused will lead to the stall cells in the rotor tip.While since all information about partial surge is obtained from the compressor stage experiments,what will happen to the stall process after the stators are removed is also an issue that worth investigating.So,in this paper,a series of experiments are carried out on the single rotor embedded in the transonic compressor stage with partial surge inception.First,the experimental results under uniform inlet conditions show that,although partial surge appears at high rotor speed in the stage case,it does not occur at any speed in the single rotor case.Then,it is found by numerical simulation that the absence of partial surge may be due to the insufficient rotor hub loading,so an experiment with increased hub loading is carried out,but still fails to trigger partial surge.Finally,the reason why partial surge doesn’t occur in the single rotor is discussed.From these results,it can be concluded that partial surge cannot occur in the single rotor case,and the large-scale comer separation in the stator hub is considered to play an important role in the formation of partial surge.     

改进极限学习机应用于电网故障诊断

电网故障诊断中交叉数据模式识别问题占据重要位置,传统的人工智能方法处理效果不甚理想。提出运用改进极限学习机进行故障诊断的算法,随机选取输入权值向量和隐含层的偏差,并且利用最小二乘法分析计算输出权值,以达到提高故障诊断容错性的目的。仿真结果表明：在保护动作信息不完备的情况下,该算法的故障判断准确性明显优于BP神经网络,该算法对存在一定错误数据的故障信息也具有良好的识别能力。