Strain analysis of moving objects using a Fourier transform grid method

There is no good method to measure the shape and the strain distributions of a structure changing with time. We have previously proposed the Fourier transform grid method (FTGM) to measure the three-dimensional shape and surface strain distributions of stationary objects by analysing the two-dimensional grating images recorded with two cameras. In the stereoscopic method, it is very important to determine the accurate geometric parameters of the camera system. In this paper, the positions and the directions of cameras are accurately determined using the FTGM applied to images of a reference object on which a two-dimensional grating is drawn. Applications for analysing shape and strain distributions of vibrating rubber plates and a moving human skin are shown.     

媒体网关控制技术及其在Alcatel 5020 MGC中的应用

分析了目前公用交换电话网(PSTN)中存在的问题和下一代网络(NGN)的优越性,分析了NGN中的关键技术媒体网关控制技术,探讨了媒体网关控制技术在Alcatel5020MGC中的实际应用,讨论了Alcatel5020MGC的软硬件系统架构。最后强调了在PSTN向NGN发展过程中基于演进产品的方法的重要性。     

GSM与WCDMA无线网络规划比较

WCDMA与GSM在空中接口上存在较大差异,WCDMA基于码分多址技术,GSM基于时分多址技术。GSM主要处理语音和低速数据,而WCDMA引入了多种速率的数据业务,根据业务的QoS进行资源控制和分配,因此在无线网络规划方法上,WCDMA与GSM存在较大差异。文章从容量规划、覆盖规划、蜂窝布局、规划流程、网络评估等方面对WCDMA与GSM的无线网络规划进行了比较和分析。     

Prediction of Final Product Properties After Cocurrent Spray Drying

The effect of drying and atomization conditions on the physical properties of powders for agglomerate-like materials and skin-forming material are studied in this article. A neural model is used for powder bulk and tapped density predictions.     

Validation of a Method of Determination of Apparent Diffusivity Versus Composition in Solids

A method is presented for computing the values of apparent diffusivity in solids with respect to the concentration of the diffusing substance (water or sodium chloride). This method does not require any assumption upon the mathematical relationship between diffusivity and concentration. It can be applied to experimental measurements of local concentration versus position within the solid (profiles) with relatively few measurements (circa 10) and a mathematical smoothing of the experimental data by using an artificial neural network model. The method was first validated on simulated data obtained by using a constant diffusivity value and on experimental profiles when the relation between diffusivity and concentration was given. It was then applied to original experimental moisture profiles obtained by putting gelatin gels with different initial moisture contents into contact for up to 14 days. The method was also successfully applied to five sets of experimental moisture and sodium chloride profiles taken from the literature and obtained from different food products. Apparent diffusivities calculated by our method were found in agreement with those obtained by authors using different numerical methods to compute the diffusivity values.     

Bayes estimators for reliability measures in geometric distribution model using masked system life test data

This paper presents Bayes estimators for the reliability measures of the individual components in a multi-component systems in the presence of masked system life test data. The life time distributions of the system components are assumed to be geometric with different parameters. Two-sided Bayesian probability intervals of the parameters are also derived. Numerical simulation study is given in order to: (i) explain how one can apply the theoretical results obtained, (ii) study the influence of the sample size and masking level on the accuracy of point estimates.     

Powder Deposition in Three Parallel-Oriented Dies of Different Shapes

Uniformity of bulk density distribution during the die filling process is required to minimize quality problems, such as distortion and cracking, for powder compacts. Understanding the die filling process is necessary in ensuring a uniform powder deposition. The second-generation pressure deposition tester (PDT-II) was used to investigate the deposition process and final pressure distribution of powder filling in toroidal, cylindrical, and E-shaped dies. All tests were conducted using a spray-dried free-flowing granular powder. The results indicated that for toroidal dies: (1) the area around 0° orientation (the leeward end) had the highest pressure values (1186.7 to 2498.0 Pa), with the average pressure values of the remaining area 353.7-648.0 Pa; (2) the pressure distribution was symmetrical about the centerline parallel to the feed shoe movement direction; (3) the highest feed shoe speed (500 mm/s) led to the most nonuniform pressure distribution among the three speeds; (4) higher feed shoe speed did not always result in higher final pressure values; and (5) the right die tended to have higher final pressure values (215.0 to 2498.0 Pa) than the center die (95.4 to 2052.5 Pa). For E-shaped dies: (1) the final pressure values of the middle leg (308.9 to 760.7 Pa) were higher than those of the left and the right legs (148.9 to 530.3 Pa); (2) the area along the backside had the highest final pressure value (1054.6 to 1303.8 Pa); (3) the pressure distribution was symmetrical about the centerline parallel to the feed shoe movement direction; and (4) neither the center die nor the right die always had higher pressure values than the other one at all locations. Comparison between cylindrical and toroidal dies indicated that: (1) neither of the two die shapes (cylinder and toroid) led to consistently higher or lower final pressure values at all locations and (2) for all three feed shoe speeds, the toroidal die had higher average final pressure values in the 0° orientation.     

Non-steady-state model for kinetics of free radical polymerization, 4. Direct thermal initiation

This paper deals with the non-steady-state kinetics of direct thermal initiated polymerization. The initiation is assumed to be a bimolecular reaction of the monomer. The relationship between the radical concentration and the monomer conversion is rigorously derived. In further treatment a few very close approximations are introduced based on the fact that the number of monomer molecules reacting in the initiation step is much less than that consumed in the propagation step for a process producing high polymer, and the value of the rate constant for propagation or chain transfer is much lower than that for chain termination. Expressions for various molecular parameters, such as molecular weight distribution, number-average and weight-average degrees of polymerization, and dispersity, are given. Several numerical examples are provided.     

镨掺杂分布对1.3μm光纤放大器特性影响

对掺氟化镨玻璃光纤放大器的小信号增益，用广义的高斯近似公式可获得精确的分析表达。文中研究了限制光纤芯层中央部分的镨掺杂对光纤放大器特性的影响，结果发现限制镨掺杂分布能改进光纤放大器的工作效率，且截止波长比芯层全部均匀掺镨的光纤更长。     

Finite Element Analysis of a Moving Boundary Value Problem

A finite element formulation and the solution of a set of nonlinear coupled heat and mass transfer equations for a two-phase system with a moving evaporation interface is presented. The interface condition takes into account the moisture transfer balance at the moving boundary. The finite element results were compared with existing results for a single phase system for model validation. In the two-phase system, the movement of evaporation front has an appreciable effect on the temperature and moisture distribution inside the porous medium during drying. The effect of the nondimensional heat of vapourization parameter γ on the evaporation front, temperature and moisture distribution in porous medium was studied. The higher the value of γ, the slower is the movement of the evaporation front. The temperature decreased and the moisture content increased as the nondimensional vapourization parameter γ increased. This model has potential applications in studying the heat and mass transfer characteristics in food and biomaterials.