基于模糊状态观测器的核反应堆功率T-S模糊积分控制系统

为提高核反应堆运行的负荷跟随能力,设计了基于T-S模糊模型的包含模糊状态观测器的积分控制系统。该方法将非线性的点堆动力学方程在一些选定工况点进行线性化,采用并行分布补偿（PDC）方法,设计模糊积分控制器和模糊状态观测器,以相对于额定功率平衡状态的相对中子密度为前件变量,构造T-S模糊控制系统。引入模糊状态观测器,成功解决了部分状态变量不能测量的困难。使用线性矩阵不等式（LMI）方法进行稳定性分析,保证了此控制系统的大范围稳定性。仿真结果验证了这种控制系统能在大范围运行工况下工作良好。     

鲁棒PID控制器的H∞回路成形优化设计及其在蒸汽发生器水位控制中的应用

针对H_∞回路成形设计,提出了一种基于线性矩阵不等式技术的PID型权函数优化算法。结合静态H_∞回路成形控制器综合,给出了一种系统的鲁棒PID迭代优化方法。基于所提方法设计了蒸汽发生器水位控制系统的PID型主控制器。仿真结果表明,所设计控制系统具有较好的鲁棒性能和鲁棒稳定性,综合控制品质优于全阶权函数优化（或本文所提PID型权函数优化）和标准控制器综合相结合的方法。     

Design and evaluation of an optimized W/Cu interlayer for W monoblock components

Divertor plasma-facing components of future fusion reactors should be able to withstand heat fluxes of 10-20 MW/m² in stationary operation. Tungsten blocks with an inner cooling tube made of CuCr1Zr, so-called monoblocks, are potential candidates for such water-cooled components. To increase the strength and reliability of the interface between the W and the cooling tube of a Cu-based alloy (CuCr1Zr), a novel advanced W-fibre/Cu metal matrix composite (MMC) was developed for operation temperatures up to 550 °C. Based on optimization results to enhance the adhesion between fibre and matrix, W fibres (W_f) were chemically etched, coated by physical vapour deposition with a continuously graded W/Cu_PVD interlayer and then heated to 800 °C. The W_f/Cu MMC was implemented by hot-isostatic pressing and brazing process in monoblock mock-ups reinforcing the interface between the plasma-facing material and the cooling channel. The suitability of the MMC as an efficient heat sink interface for water-cooled divertor components was tested in the high heat flux (HHF) facility GLADIS. Predictions from finite element simulations of the thermal behaviour of the component under loading conditions were confirmed by the HHF tests. The W_f/Cu MMC interlayer of the mock-ups survived cyclic heat loads above 10 MW/m² without any damage. One W block of each tested mock-up showed stable thermal behaviour at heat fluxes of up to 10.5 MW/m².     

峰位微扰动修正在构建高斯响应矩阵中的应用研究

现有的高斯响应矩阵在对高分辨率γ能谱进行重建时,极易出现假峰、峰位漂移等问题。本文针对测量条件（温/湿度、电压波动等）微弱变化引起峰位扰动进而影响高斯响应矩阵重建结果准确度的问题,通过引入微扰动修正因子,对现有高斯响应矩阵进行修正。采用IAEA重峰分解测试谱及GMX40P高纯锗探测器实测能谱对修正前后的高斯响应矩阵进行谱线解析测试。结果表明：通过修正后响应矩阵重建的能谱,其峰位与实际峰位保持一致,净峰面积的相对偏差分别低于1025%和550%。     

Nonreciprocal properties of 1D magnetized plasma photonic crystals with the Fibonacci sequence

In this paper, the nonreciprocal properties of a novel kind of 1D magnetized plasma photonic crystals(MPPCs) with the Fibonacci sequence are investigated. The isolation of the proposed 1D MPPCs is also used to analyze the nonreciprocal properties. Compared to the conventional 1D MPPCs with periodic structure, the nonreciprocal performance can be significantly improved.The effects of several parameters of the proposed 1D MPPCs on the nonreciprocal properties are studied by the transfer matrix method, which includes the incident angle, order of the Fibonacci sequence, plasma frequency, plasma cyclotron frequency and plasma filling factor. The obtained results show that the nonreciprocal propagation properties can be improved by increasing the values of the plasma cyclotron frequency and incident angle, but they will worsen by blindly increasing the order of the Fibonacci sequence, plasma frequency and filling factor of plasma.The peaks of transmittance also are obviously reduced. In addition, the value of isolation will increase with increasing the incident angle, order of Fibonacci sequence, plasma frequency and plasma filling factor. However, when the plasma cyclotron frequency is increased, the value of isolation will be increased at lower frequencies, but is almost unchanged at higher frequencies.     

有机硅环氧树脂及其复合材料的光固化研究

通过研究光引发剂的种类、用量、光照时间和光敏剂等对树脂光固化后凝胶率的影响,确定了ES-06有机硅环氧树脂光固化的工艺条件,在质量分数分别为5%的二苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐光引发剂和5.5%的多元醇链转移剂作用下,光照10 min后紫外光开环聚合产物的凝胶率可达80%.利用湿法手工铺叠工艺和光固化技术,制备了玻璃布/有机硅环氧树脂复合材料,测试并分析比较了有机硅环氧和双酚A环氧复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,光固化有机硅环氧树脂基复合材料层板的拉伸强度和层间剪切强度较优,分别为158.5 MPa和9.9MPa,而两者的弯曲性能和拉伸模量相当.     

Preparation of mixed matrix composite membrane for hydrogen purification by incorporating ZIF-8 nanoparticles modified with tannic acid

The incompatibility between nanofillers and polymer, caused by the agglomeration of nanoparticles and their weak interaction with each other, is still a challenge to develop mixed matrix composite membrane. Herein, we introduced the ZIF-8-TA nanoparticles synthesized by in situ hydrophilic modification into the hydrophilic poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) matrix to prepare composite membranes for H₂ purification. The dispersion of ZIF-8 in water was improved by tannic acid modification, and the compatibility between ZIF-8 particles and PVAm matrix was enhanced by chemical crosslinking between the quinone groups in oxidized tannic acid (TA) and the amino groups in PVAm. Moreover, the compatibility between hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gutter layer and hydrophilic separation layer was achieved by the adhesion of TA-Fe³⁺ complex to the surface of PDMS layer during membrane preparation. The interlayer hydrophilic modification and the formation of separation layer were accomplished in one step, which simplified the preparation process. The experimental results indicated that when the TA addition used for modification was 0.5 g and the ZIF-8-TA_0.5 content in membrane was 12 wt%, the prepared membrane showed the best separation performance with the CO₂ permeance of 987 GPU and the CO₂/H₂ selectivity of 31, under the feed gas pressure of 0.12 MPa.     

Effect of matrix content on the performance of carbon paper as an electrode for PEMFC

Porous conducting carbon fiber‐based composite paper is used as an electrode backing in the fuel cell assembly. It not only acts as a channel through which the reactant and product gases pass to and from the bipolar plate and the catalyst site but also helps in the flow of electrons. In order to perform its role efficiently, it should have sufficient strength, high electrical conductivity, and ideal porous structure. Carbon paper has been fabricated, which builds up the required composite properties. Studies have been conducted to optimize the fiber/matrix ratio in the carbon paper, while ensuring the perfect combination of porosity, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity for an electrode in a proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Detail physico‐mechanical and electrochemical characterizations further ascertain that the fiber/matrix ratio plays an important role in tuning the composite properties. The polarization curve of the unit proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (with an effective electrode area 4 cm²) shows a peak power density of 916 mW/cm² for the sample with fiber/matrix ratio of 65:35, which is almost the same as the commercially available sigracet gas diffusion layer (SGL) carbon paper tested under similar conditions. Further, proportionally enlarging the electrode area to 100 cm² shows that the carbon paper not only shows almost repeatable results in a given set up but also scales up.     

Recovery of residual nutrients from agri-food byproducts using a combination of solid-state fermentation and insect rearing

The present research develops an innovative nutrient recovery strategy for capturing of un-utilised nutrients from agri-food byproducts using a combination of solid state fermentation (SSF) and insect rearing. SSF of borage and flaxseed meals were performed using GRAS organisms to release indigenous nutrients and to produce additional nutrients. Proximate analysis of the SSF-meals showed increases in both lipid and protein contents. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) were then grown on these SSF-meals for 12 day. The meals fermented singularly with Lactobacillus plantarum or Aspergillus niger displayed up to 30% enhancement in BSFL biomass, and dual fermentation with L. plantarum and Aspergillus oryzae resulted in an additional 10% enhancement. These examinations showed SFL use over-90% of proteins and lipids in SSF-meals. The results indicate that fermentation of these low-value meals can boost the efficacy of larval growth and the recovery of nutrients from agricultural byproducts as larval biomass.